‘Rights-based approaches’ (RBAs) have become a well-established concept over the past two decades, informing the work of diverse actors involved in development and humanitarian aid. Faith-based organisations have increasingly embraced the RBA, although not without contestation. Drawing on new qualitative data from Pakistan, this paper examines how ‘global’ RBA norms are operationalised in ‘local’ contexts characterised by great normative diversity and identifies three dominant normative frameworks used by non-governmental organisations in the translation of RBAs: humanitarian standards; citizens' rights; and Islamic principles. It utilises a case study of RBAs in Pakistan and reveals the significance of religion and religious entities in the translation of rights. From this example, the paper makes a conceptual distinction between ‘instrumental’ and ‘substantial’ modes of engagement, a framing that allows for a more detailed analysis of how humanitarian actors deal with religion and rights than what is often found in studies of humanitarian action.

中文翻译：

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谈判权利和信仰：巴基斯坦人道主义行动基于权利的方法研究

在过去的二十年里，“基于权利的方法”（RBA）已经成为一个成熟的概念，为参与发展和人道主义援助的不同参与者的工作提供了信息。以信仰为基础的组织越来越多地接受 RBA，尽管并非没有争议。本文利用来自巴基斯坦的新定性数据，研究了“全球”RBA 规范如何在具有巨大规范多样性特征的“地方”背景下实施，并确定了非政府组织在翻译 RBA 时使用的三个主要规范框架：人道主义标准；公民权利；和伊斯兰原则。它利用巴基斯坦 RBA 的案例研究，揭示宗教和宗教实体在权利翻译中的重要性。从这个例子中，