This article assesses the nexus between land and income inequality among agricultural households in rural India based on a national survey of farmers. The study also assesses the contribution of other sources of income to this inequality. At the onset, we estimate the extent of land and income inequality using the Gini coefficient, Palma ratio, and quantile distribution. Further, we examine the effects of income components and sociodemographic, production theory-related, and geographic variables on total income inequality among agricultural households at the national level using regression-based inequality decomposition (RBID) analysis of income function. The evidence indicates that both land and income inequality are the maximum in the agriculturally developed states. The results of RBID show that land size explains the highest share of income inequality among agricultural households, followed by crop productivity at the household level. The analysis further statistically validates that the share of wage and livestock income has an inverse relationship with total inequality among agricultural households. These results provide firm empirical evidence to assess policies suggested to increase alternative sources of income among land-poor petty producers.

中文翻译：

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印度农户收入不平等：基于回归的分解分析

本文基于对农民的全国调查，评估了印度农村农户之间土地和收入不平等之间的关系。该研究还评估了其他收入来源对这种不平等的贡献。一开始，我们使用基尼系数、帕尔马比率和分位数分布来估计土地和收入不平等的程度。此外，我们使用收入函数的基于回归的不平等分解 (RBID) 分析，研究了收入成分和社会人口、生产理论相关和地理变量对国家层面农业家庭总收入不平等的影响。证据表明，在农业发达的州，土地和收入不平等都是最大的。RBID 的结果表明，土地面积解释了农业家庭收入不平等的最高份额，其次是家庭层面的作物生产力。分析进一步从统计上证实了工资和牲畜收入的份额与农业家庭之间的总体不平等呈负相关。这些结果为评估为增加土地贫乏的小生产者的替代收入来源而建议的政策提供了可靠的经验证据。