A subtest of the LLAMA test battery (LLAMA_D) has been proposed as a potential test of implicit learning aptitude. To improve its construct validity, in the present study, the original LLAMA_D (a) instructions for incidental learning were modified, and (b) confidence ratings of test responses and (c) reaction time (RT) measurements were added. This revised LLAMA_D was administered along with the other LLAMA subtests (LLAMA-B, -E, and -F). Unconscious knowledge that may (not) result from the exposure was assessed through the relationship between the accuracy/RT and confidence ratings. The results suggest that LLAMA_D accuracy largely reflects conscious retrieval of previously heard sound sequences. However, an index derived from the LLAMA_D RT measure (coefficient of variance) was associated with an aspect of oral fluency, which is presumably dependent on proceduralization. Several recommendations are proposed to redesign and extend LLAMA_D as a potential aptitude test for proceduralization.

中文翻译：

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探讨 LLAMA_D 的构造有效性作为内隐学习能力的衡量标准

LLAMA 测试组 (LLAMA_D) 的子测试已被提议作为内隐学习能力的潜在测试。为了提高其结构效度，在本研究中，修改了原始 LLAMA_D (a) 附带学习的说明，并添加了 (b) 测试响应的置信度评级和 (c) 反应时间 (RT) 测量。修订后的 LLAMA_D 与其他 LLAMA 子测试（LLAMA-B、-E 和 -F）一起管理。通过准确度/ RT 和置信度等级之间的关系评估可能（不是）由暴露产生的无意识知识。结果表明，LLAMA_D 的准确性在很大程度上反映了对先前听到的声音序列的有意识检索。然而，来自 LLAMA_D RT 测量的指数（方差系数）与口语流利度的一个方面相关，这大概取决于程序化。提出了一些建议，以重新设计和扩展 LLAMA_D 作为程序化的潜在能力测试。