ABSTRACT

Critics now articulate their worries about the technologies, social practices and mythologies that comprise Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many domains. In this paper, we investigate the intersection of two domains of criticism: identity and scientific knowledge. On one hand, critics of AI in public policy emphasise its potential to discriminate on the basis of identity. On the other hand, critics of AI in scientific realms worry about how it may reorient or disorient research practices and the progression of scientific inquiry. We link the two sets of concerns—around identity and around knowledge—through a series of case studies. In our case studies, about autism and homosexuality, AI figures as part of scientific attempts to find, and fix, forms of identity. Our case studies are instructive: they show that when AI is deployed in scientific research about identity and personality, it can naturalise and reinforce biases. The identity-based and epistemic concerns about AI are not distinct. When AI is seen as a source of truth and scientific knowledge, it may lend public legitimacy to harmful ideas about identity.

摘要

评论家现在表达了他们对构成许多领域的人工智能（AI）的技术，社会实践和神话的担忧。在本文中，我们研究了批评的两个领域的交集：身份和科学知识。一方面，在公共政策中对AI的批评家们强调了AI在基于身份的基础上进行歧视的潜力。另一方面，在科学领域，对AI的批评家担心AI可能如何改变研究实践的方向或方向以及科学探究的发展。通过一系列案例研究，我们将两类关注点（围绕身份和知识）联系在一起。在我们的案例研究中，关于自闭症和同性恋，人工智能作为发现和修复身份形式的科学尝试的一部分。我们的案例研究具有指导意义：他们表明，将AI部署到有关身份和性格的科学研究中，可以自然化并加强偏见。关于AI的基于身份和认知的关注并没有明显区别。当人工智能被视为真理和科学知识的来源时，它可能使公众对合法性的有害观念合法化。