Attention bias modification (ABM) was initially developed with the goal of reducing attentional bias to threat—and subsequently anxious symptoms—in individuals with heightened anxiety. Although controversial, ABM appears to be generally effective in achieving this goal. Yet, the primary outcome measure of ABM (i.e., the reaction time-based differences score) has poor reliability and temporal resolution, which limits the inferences that can be drawn. In contrast, event-related potentials (ERPs) have superior reliability as well as temporal resolution and may therefore be better outcome measures of ABM. In this review, I systematically assess the research using ERPs as outcome measures in ABM protocols. I focus on the extent to which the ERPs modified by ABM represent earlier or later stages of information processing. In addition, I explore the extent to which ABM produces near and/or far transfer of learning effects on ERP measures. The reviewed literature suggests that ERPs are promising outcome measures of ABM. ABM modulates the effects of affective stimuli on posterior visually evoked ERPs (i.e., P1) as well as ERPs at anterior electrodes (i.e., P2, N2, and ERN). Based on the state of the field, several directions for future research are identified.

中文翻译：

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对事件相关电位作为注意力偏差修正结果测量的系统评价

注意偏差修正 (ABM) 最初的开发目的是减少焦虑加剧的个体对威胁和随后的焦虑症状的注意偏差。尽管存在争议，但 ABM 似乎在实现这一目标方面普遍有效。然而，ABM 的主要结果测量（即基于反应时间的差异评分）具有较差的可靠性和时间分辨率，这限制了可以得出的推论。相比之下，事件相关电位 (ERP) 具有卓越的可靠性和时间分辨率，因此可能是 ABM 更好的结果测量。在这篇评论中，我系统地评估了使用 ERP 作为 ABM 协议中的结果测量的研究。我关注 ABM 修改的 ERP 在多大程度上代表了信息处理的早期或后期阶段。此外，我探讨了 ABM 在多大程度上产生了对 ERP 测量的学习影响的近和/或远迁移。回顾的文献表明，ERPs 是 ABM 的有希望的结果测量。ABM 调节情感刺激对后部视觉诱发的 ERP（即 P1）以及前部电极（即 P2、N2 和 ERN）的 ERP 的影响。根据该领域的现状，确定了未来研究的几个方向。