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The effect of temperature and wetting–drying cycles on soil wettability: Dynamic molecular restructuring processes at the solid–water–air interface
European Journal of Soil Science ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 , DOI: 10.1111/ejss.13102
Joerg Bachmann 1 , Steffen Söffker 1 , Nasrollah Sepehrnia 1 , Marc‐O. Goebel 1 , Susanne K. Woche 1
Affiliation  

The impact of heat treatment and wetting–drying cycles on the wetting properties of sandy forest soils was explored. Topsoil and upper subsoil were sampled at three beech forest sites in northern Germany. The air-dried soils were treated at 20, 40 and 80°C for 24 h, with materials treated at 20°C serving as reference. After wetting, materials were air-dried or shock-frozen in liquid N2 and freeze-dried. Interfacial properties were monitored by sessile drop contact angles (CAs) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provide physical and chemical information on the outermost particle interface layer. CAs of reference samples were around 90° and significantly increased after 80°C-treatment to >90°, whereas 40°C-treatment had in comparison to reference soils no distinct impact on CA. Depending on the initial temperature treatment, air-drying after wetting decreased CA to 60–80% and shock-freezing and freeze-drying decreased CA to 10–50% of the reference value. Results suggest that shock-freezing may preserve the organic matter molecular structure that prevails during contact with water at the solid–liquid interface, thus indicating the wettability of the wet surface. Generally, wetting–drying cycles had the least impact on 80°C-treated material. XPS analysis confirmed dynamic interfacial molecular restructuring processes by changes in O and C content and the content of non-polar C compounds. A second heat treatment after two wetting–drying cycles again proved the distinct and pronounced impact of 80°C-treatment on CA, especially with prior shock-freezing and freeze-drying. In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate a sensitive and partly reversible reorganization of the solid interfacial wetting properties. Results may conceptually be used to develop dynamic wettability models, which are needed to simulate the sensitive interplay between wettability and dynamic soil hydraulic functions at sites that are exposed to intensive and periodic moisture fluctuations.

中文翻译:

温度和干湿循环对土壤润湿性的影响:固-水-气界面的动态分子重组过程

探讨了热处理和干湿循环对沙质森林土壤润湿特性的影响。在德国北部的三个山毛榉森林地点对表土和上层土进行了采样。风干土壤在 20、40 和 80°C 处理 24 h,以 20°C 处理的材料作为参考。润湿后,材料在液态 N 2 中风干或速冻并冷冻干燥。通过固着液滴接触角 (CA) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 监测界面特性,这提供了最外层颗粒界面层的物理和化学信息。参考样品的 CA 约为 90°,并且在 80°C 处理后显着增加至 >90°,而 40°C 处理与参考土壤相比对 CA 没有明显影响。根据初始温度处理的不同,润湿后风干将 CA 降低到 60-80%,冷冻和冷冻干燥将 CA 降低到参考值的 10-50%。结果表明,冲击冷冻可以保留在固液界面与水接触期间占主导地位的有机物分子结构,从而表明湿表面的润湿性。一般来说,干湿循环对 80°C 处理的材料影响最小。XPS 分析通过 O 和 C 含量以及非极性 C 化合物含量的变化证实了动态界面分子重组过程。两次湿-干循环后的第二次热处理再次证明了 80°C 处理对 CA 的明显影响,尤其是在预先冷冻和冷冻干燥的情况下。总之,我们的研究结果表明固体界面润湿特性的敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。XPS 分析通过 O 和 C 含量以及非极性 C 化合物含量的变化证实了动态界面分子重组过程。两次湿-干循环后的第二次热处理再次证明了 80°C 处理对 CA 的明显影响,尤其是在预先冷冻和冷冻干燥的情况下。总之,我们的研究结果表明固体界面润湿特性的敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。XPS 分析通过 O 和 C 含量以及非极性 C 化合物含量的变化证实了动态界面分子重组过程。两次湿-干循环后的第二次热处理再次证明了 80°C 处理对 CA 的明显影响,尤其是在预先冷冻和冷冻干燥的情况下。总之,我们的研究结果表明固体界面润湿特性的敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。两次湿-干循环后的第二次热处理再次证明了 80°C 处理对 CA 的明显影响,尤其是在预先冷冻和冷冻干燥的情况下。总之,我们的研究结果表明固体界面润湿特性的敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。两次湿-干循环后的第二次热处理再次证明了 80°C 处理对 CA 的明显影响,尤其是在预先冷冻和冷冻干燥的情况下。总之,我们的研究结果表明固体界面润湿特性的敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,固体界面润湿特性发生了敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,固体界面润湿特性发生了敏感且部分可逆的重组。结果在概念上可用于开发动态润湿性模型,需要这些模型来模拟暴露于强烈和周期性水分波动的地点的润湿性和动态土壤水力函数之间的敏感相互作用。
更新日期:2021-03-08
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