Basic oxygen steelmaking has been the interest of research for several decades due to its complex and fast process dynamics. To predict the evolution of slag–metal composition and temperature, it is important to control the process efficiently. The framework developed by Sarkar et al. (Metall Mater Trans B 46:961–976, 2015) is advanced further to estimate the evolution of chemical composition and temperature of molten metal and slag. In this present study, a period of flight is considered for droplets at the early period of blow when stable emulsion has not formed. The size distribution of the droplets is evaluated according to the Rosin–Rammler–Sperling distribution. A coupled mixed-controlled kinetic model is incorporated in order to quantify the extent of reaction at the interface of a single droplet in the emulsion phase. This kinetic model assumes that transport of species in both metal and slag phases are rate controlling. Reaction kinetics of these individual droplets are tracked at each time step throughout its period of residence in the metal–slag–gas emulsion, to predict the evolution of the metal and slag compositions for the entire converter with blowing time. Evolution of the bath temperature is estimated by developing a thermal model. The predictions from the model, when validated with plant trial data, could efficiently simulate the phosphorus and manganese reversal phenomena, along with the early removal of silicon (Cicutti et al. in 6th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Stockholm-Helsinki, 2000, Paper 367, pp. 1–9, 2000).

碱性氧气炼钢由于其复杂而快速的工艺动力学，几十年来一直是研究的热点。为了预测炉渣-金属成分和温度的变化，有效控制过程非常重要。Sarkar等人开发的框架。（Metall Mater Trans B 46：961–976，2015）被进一步推进以估计化学成分以及熔融金属和炉渣温度的变化。在本研究中，在未形成稳定乳液的情况下，考虑在吹塑初期液滴的飞行时间。液滴的大小分布是根据Rosin–Rammler–Sperling分布进行评估的。为了量化乳液相中单个液滴界面的反应程度，引入了混合控制动力学模型。该动力学模型假设金属和矿渣相中物质的迁移均受速率控制。这些单个液滴的反应动力学在其停留在金属－炉渣－气体乳化液的整个过程中的每个时间步都被跟踪，以预测整个转炉中金属和炉渣成分随吹炼时间的变化。浴温的变化是通过建立热模型来估算的。该模型的预测经工厂试验数据验证后，可以有效地模拟磷和锰的逆转现象，以及硅的早期去除（Cicutti等。在第六届国际熔渣，焊剂和盐分国际会议上，斯德哥尔摩，赫尔辛基，2000年，第367号论文，第1至9页，2000年）。