Purpose

Many industries and agriculture generate huge amounts of wastes either mineral, organic or both, with environmental impact. Some of these residues have the potential to become Technosols when mixed in proper proportions. Degraded terrestrial ecosystems, especially sloping land, show very shallow or no soil left which makes restoration very difficult. Covering such degraded surfaces with Technosols might be a possible solution. The purpose of this paper is to show how some combinations and proportions of residues, mainly sludge from the ornamental stone industry and compost from green residues, become useful Technosols for landscape restoration.

Material and methods

We tested in the laboratory twelve different combinations of that sludge, organic compost and other materials, as experimental Technosols. The three best combinations were tested in the field in (3 × 2 m) experimental plots at the open air on a 30° slope. We planted autochthonous species and survival and growth monitored for 1 year. The essential soil physical and chemical properties were also monitored as well as their hydrological behavior by means of repeated rainfall simulations.

Results and discussion

Treatments with artificial stone sludge up to 70% and slabs were able to provide substrates with physical and chemical properties relatively similar to those of natural soils in arid-semiarid environments like those from SE Spain. Higher content of organic matter and better physical properties were found in the Technosols. No clear differences between types of treatments were detected. Although runoff was slightly higher in Technosols than in natural soils, the treatment with the highest compost content (15%), presented the lowest erodibility, similar to natural soils in the area. None of the tested Technosols produced dangerous leachates exceeding the maximum values recommended by the European legislation. Technosols also increased plant growth of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris.

Conclusions

These results confirm that the tested Technosols can be used for the restoration of degraded soils and, in areas affected by earthworks, as road taluses.

中文翻译：

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在西班牙半干旱地区，由工业和农业残留物制成的Technosols的现场测试和表征，用于修复退化的斜坡

目的

许多工业和农业都会产生大量废物，无论是矿物废物，有机废物还是两者都对环境造成影响。当以适当的比例混合时，其中一些残留物有可能成为Technosols。退化的陆地生态系统（尤其是坡地）显示出非常浅的土壤或几乎没有土壤，这使恢复工作非常困难。解决方案：用Technosols覆盖此类退化的表面可能是一种解决方案。本文的目的是说明残留物的一些组合和比例（主要是来自装饰石材行业的污泥和绿色残留物的堆肥）如何成为用于景观恢复的有用技术剂。

材料与方法

我们在实验室中测试了该污泥，有机堆肥和其他材料的十二种不同组合，作为实验性Technosols。这三种最佳组合是在30°倾斜的露天环境中的（3×2 m）实验区中进行野外测试的。我们种植了土生物种，并监测了其存活和生长情况，为期一年。还通过重复的降雨模拟对土壤的基本物理和化学性质及其水文行为进行了监测。

结果与讨论

用高达70％的人造石泥和板进行的处理能够提供理化性质的底物，与东南半干旱环境（如SE SE西班牙）中的天然土壤相比，具有相对相似的物理和化学性质。在Technosols中发现了较高的有机物含量和更好的物理性能。没有发现治疗类型之间的明显差异。尽管Technosols中的径流比天然土壤中的略高，但堆肥含量最高（15％）的处理方法的可蚀性最低，类似于该地区的天然土壤。所测试的Technosols均未产生超过欧洲法规建议的最大值的危险浸出液。technosols还增加了迷迭香和百里香的植物生长。

结论

这些结果证实，经测试的Technosols可用于恢复退化的土壤，并在受土方工程影响的区域用作道路road草。