Over the past decade or so, geochemical techniques have been applied to the study of modern and past tsunamis. Seawater incursions and the introduction of marine organic matter can be detected through geochemical analysis, providing strong evidence that an event deposit was formed by saltwater inundation. Furthermore, the marine geochemical signature of an event may reveal the full extent of tsunami inundation far more precisely than can be obtained from sediment alone. Based mainly on literature published during the last 4 years, this paper summarizes the latest advances in and some problems with tsunami geochemical research, and specifically addresses organic and inorganic proxies with high preservation potential, geochemical characteristics of invisible tsunami deposits, handling of data from core scanners, and offshore environmental impacts. Recent studies have proposed that some organic and inorganic geochemical proxies have high preservation potential, and sometimes such evidence can be recognized from invisible tsunami deposits. Quantitative assessments of biomarkers are also effective for detecting allochthonous materials. Organic and inorganic proxies can be applied both to identify tsunami deposits and to accurately reconstruct tsunami inundation areas; however, there are as yet no universal criteria for accurate reconstruction of tsunami inundation areas by detecting invisible tsunami deposits using geochemical approaches. For deeper understanding of the behavior of geochemical characteristics derived from tsunami events, additional knowledge of the geochemical substances associated with modern and paleo-tsunami events is required. Specifically, further work is required on assessment of the environmental selectivity of geochemical proxies and refinement of core-scanner analysis for both organic and inorganic substances.

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海啸研究中的地球化学方法：当前的知识和挑战

在过去的十年左右的时间里，地球化学技术已被用于研究现代海啸和过去的海啸。可以通过地球化学分析检测到海水入侵和海洋有机物的引入，提供了有力的证据表明咸水淹没形成了事件沉积。此外，事件的海洋地球化学特征可能比仅从沉积物中获得的结果更准确地揭示了海啸淹没的整个范围。本文主要基于近四年来发表的文献，总结了海啸地球化学研究的最新进展和存在的问题，特别针对具有高保存潜力的有机和无机代理，无形海啸矿床的地球化学特征，核心数据的处理扫描仪以及近海环境影响。最近的研究表明，某些有机和无机地球化学替代物具有很高的保存潜力，有时可以从无形的海啸矿床中识别出此类证据。生物标志物的定量评估对检测异源物质也有效。有机和无机代理可用于识别海啸沉积物和准确重建海啸淹没区；然而，目前尚无通用标准可通过地球化学方法检测隐性海啸沉积物来准确重建海啸淹没区。为了更深入地了解源自海啸事件的地球化学特征的行为，需要对与现代海啸和古海啸事件相关的地球化学物质有更多的了解。具体来说，