This paper analyses the effects of the 2013 Common Agricultural Policy reforms on the distribution of direct payments across the European Union (EU) member states. The differential implementation of two key redistributive policies across countries from 2014 onwards enables the use of a generalised difference-in-differences strategy to estimate their distributional effects. Using data on EU-wide direct payment recipients reveals a substantial negative impact on the largest payment recipients and significant redistribution towards smaller farmers. A disaggregated analysis suggests that of the two instruments, capping, though still an attractive option for policymakers, is less effective at redistributing subsidies towards smaller farmers than the Redistributive Payment Scheme.

中文翻译：

---

评估 2013 年 CAP 改革的再分配影响：欧盟范围内的小组研究

本文分析了 2013 年共同农业政策改革对欧盟 (EU) 成员国直接支付分配的影响。从 2014 年起，两个关键的再分配政策在各国实施的差异化实施使得可以使用广义的差异差异策略来估计其分配效应。使用欧盟范围内直接收款人的数据揭示了对最大收款人的重大负面影响以及对小农户的重大重新分配。一项分类分析表明，在这两种工具中，虽然上限对政策制定者来说仍然是一个有吸引力的选择，但在将补贴重新分配给小农方面的效果不如再分配支付计划。