Education for Sustainable Development (ESD; also often called Education for Sustainability (EfS)) is a key lever of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, which emphasize the need for everyone to have the knowledge and skills to meet the challenges of creating a more sustainable world. However, while we can find examples of ESD across the globe, its potential to scale effectively and its impact on achieving the goals of sustainable development as compared with traditional curricula are often questioned. This literature review, at the crossroads of econometrics, educational sciences and psychology, aims to foster scaled ESD research and initiatives by offering a better understanding of the doubts that surround its potential impact. To that end, we (1) shed light on the methods and good practices for assessing this impact; (2) underline the specificity of the data to be collected in the context of these methods of assessment; and (3) outline the existing conclusions of impact studies dedicated to ESD that have served to highlight the limits and challenges for accurate measurement. These impact studies suggest that ESD will only achieve its objectives if pedagogical approaches are renewed. The inclusion of studies showing de facto poor results for ESD makes it possible to complete the picture of the endogenous and exogenous factors determining sustainable behavior that must be taken into account, both in the design of impact assessment tools and in the concrete implementation of ESD.

中文翻译：

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评估ESD的影响：方法，挑战，结果

可持续发展教育（ESD；也通常称为可持续发展教育（EfS））是联合国可持续发展目标的关键杠杆，它强调每个人都必须具备知识和技能，以应对创造更大挑战的挑战。可持续发展的世界。然而，尽管我们可以在全球范围内找到可持续发展教育的实例，但与传统课程相比，可持续发展教育具有有效扩展的潜力以及对实现可持续发展目标的影响经常受到质疑。这篇文献综述处于计量经济学，教育科学和心理学的十字路口，旨在通过更好地理解围绕其潜在影响的疑问，来促进大规模的ESD研究和计划。为此，我们（1）阐明了评估这种影响的方法和良好做法；（2）强调在这些评估方法中要收集的数据的特殊性；（3）概述了针对ESD的影响研究的现有结论，这些结论凸显了精确测量的局限性和挑战。这些影响研究表明，只有更新教学方法，ESD才能实现其目标。包括研究在内的研究表明，事实上，ESD的效果很差，这使得在确定影响评估工具的设计和ESD的具体实施时，可以完整地了解决定可持续行为必须考虑的内源性和外源性因素。（3）概述了针对ESD的影响研究的现有结论，这些结论凸显了精确测量的局限性和挑战。这些影响研究表明，只有更新教学方法，ESD才能实现其目标。包括研究在内的研究表明，事实上，ESD的效果很差，这使得在确定影响评估工具的设计和ESD的具体实施时，可以完整地了解决定可持续行为必须考虑的内源性和外源性因素。（3）概述了针对ESD的影响研究的现有结论，这些结论凸显了精确测量的局限性和挑战。这些影响研究表明，只有更新教学方法，ESD才能实现其目标。包括研究在内的研究表明，事实上，ESD的效果很差，这使得在确定影响评估工具的设计和ESD的具体实施时，可以完整地了解决定可持续行为必须考虑的内源性和外源性因素。