The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic forced affected countries to implement strict lockdown to contain the spread of this disease before the advent of the vaccine. This containment resulted in social and economic crisis globally. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on three “P” s of sustainability (Planet, People, and Profit) in India. A comparative analysis was conducted by evaluating the available secondary data in different sectors during the pre-lockdown and lockdown period. Seven major air quality parameters: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ammonia (NH₃), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃) were studied in six states of India to review the ambient air quality status. Stratified random sampling technique was used in this study for collective portrayal of the country’s air quality. A drastic cutback of the level of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ with significant increase of O₃ was observed in the lockdown phase for most of the selected monitoring stations. A significant change in level of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ was observed when t-test was performed in between the pre-lockdown and lockdown period. Improvement of ambient air quality was also observed considering the air quality index (AQI) during lockdown. The trend and volatility of two broad Indian stock market indices, SENSEX and NIFTY-50, were analyzed, and results showed that both the indices have recovered during the forty-day lockdown phase. The potential effects of the crisis on various sectors of Indian economy were assessed in this study, and a set of policy recommendations for these sectors were suggested.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒（COVID-19）爆发对印度社会，空气质量和经济的影响：印度三个可持续性“ P”的研究

新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行的爆发迫使受灾国家在疫苗问世之前实施严格的封锁措施，以遏制这种疾病的蔓延。这种遏制导致了全球性的社会和经济危机。这项研究评估了COVID-19对印度的三个“ P”可持续性（星球，人和利润）的影响。通过评估预锁定和锁定期间不同部门中可用的辅助数据进行了比较分析。七个主要的空气质量参数：颗粒物质（PM ₂。₅和PM ₁₀），二氧化氮（NO ₂），二氧化硫（SO ₂），氨（NH ₃），一氧化碳（CO），和臭氧（O ₃）在印度的六个州进行了研究，以评估环境空气质量状况。本研究使用分层随机抽样技术对国家空气质量进行集体描述。大幅削减PM ₂的含量。对于大多数选定的监测站，在锁定阶段观察到₅和PM ₁₀的O ₃显着增加。PM ₂含量显着变化。t时观察到₅和PM ₁₀-在锁定前和锁定期之间执行测试。考虑到锁定期间的空气质量指数（AQI），还观察到了周围空气质量的改善。分析了两个印度主要股票市场指数SENSEX和NIFTY-50的趋势和波动，结果表明这两个指数在为期40天的锁定阶段均已恢复。这项研究评估了危机对印度经济各个部门的潜在影响，并提出了针对这些部门的一系列政策建议。