ABSTRACT

A central tenet in theoretical work on metacognition is that retrieval experiences during memory search can exert control over behaviour. States of curiosity, which reflect motivational tendencies to seek out information, may play a critical role in this control function. We conducted two experiments to address this idea, focusing on links between feeling-of knowing (FOK) experiences, memory-search duration, and subsequent information-seeking behaviour. We administered an episodic FOK paradigm that probed memory for previously studied face-name pairs, and subsequently provided an opportunity to select limited pairs for restudy. This set-up allowed us to test whether current search duration and subsequent restudy choices are biased towards items with high FOK ratings. Results revealed a positive relationship between FOK ratings and the response times of these judgements. We observed a similar positive relationship between FOK ratings and subsequent item selection for restudy. Moreover, experimental manipulations of FOK ratings based on familiarity of the face cues also had parallel effects. Our findings suggest that metacognitive experiences during unsuccessful retrieval from episodic memory can induce states of curiosity that shape behaviour beyond the immediate retrieval context. Curiosity may act as a bond to ensure that memory gaps identified through unsuccessful retrieval adaptively guide future learning.

摘要

元认知理论工作的一个核心原则是记忆搜索期间的检索经验可以控制行为。好奇心状态反映了寻找信息的动机倾向，可能在这种控制功能中发挥关键作用。我们进行了两个实验来解决这个想法，重点是知觉 (FOK) 体验、记忆搜索持续时间和随后的信息搜索行为之间的联系。我们管理了一个情节 FOK 范式，该范式探测以前研究过的人脸姓名对的记忆，随后提供了选择有限对进行重新研究的机会。这种设置使我们能够测试当前的搜索持续时间和随后的重新学习选择是否偏向于具有高 FOK 评级的项目。结果显示 FOK 评级与这些判断的响应时间之间存在正相关关系。我们观察到 FOK 评分与随后的再学习项目选择之间存在类似的正相关关系。此外，基于对面部线索的熟悉程度对 FOK 评级的实验操作也具有平行效应。我们的研究结果表明，在从情景记忆中提取不成功期间的元认知体验可以诱发好奇心，从而塑造超出直接提取上下文的行为。好奇心可以作为一种纽带，以确保通过不成功的检索识别出的记忆差距自适应地指导未来的学习。基于对面部线索的熟悉程度对 FOK 评级的实验操作也具有平行效应。我们的研究结果表明，在从情景记忆中提取不成功期间的元认知体验可以诱发好奇心，从而塑造超出直接提取上下文的行为。好奇心可以作为一种纽带，以确保通过不成功的检索识别出的记忆差距自适应地指导未来的学习。基于对面部线索的熟悉程度对 FOK 评级的实验操作也具有平行效应。我们的研究结果表明，在从情景记忆中提取不成功期间的元认知体验可以诱发好奇心，从而塑造超出直接提取上下文的行为。好奇心可以作为一种纽带，以确保通过不成功的检索识别出的记忆差距自适应地指导未来的学习。