To date, most research on emotion and leadership in organizations has emphasized only one dimension of emotion, valence; and only some research has mentioned the emotion dimension of arousal. An organizing framework for making sense of the effects of leader emotions vis-à-vis the direction in which those emotions are targeted, however, has yet to be developed. To address this shortcoming in the literature, we present a new theoretical framework to explore the impact of the target of leader emotion within leader–member dyads—when the emotion is targeting either the follower or the leader themselves. We theorize that leader emotions have disparate effects on followers in high- and low-quality leader–member relationships, depending on whether the emotions are directed externally toward followers or self-directed toward the leader. Together, the valence, arousal, and target of the leaders' emotional expressions are signals that shape followers' emotions and, in turn, the subsequent quality of their leader–member exchange relationships.

中文翻译：

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超越情绪效价和唤醒：对领导-成员二元组中领导情绪表达目标的新关注

迄今为止，大多数关于组织中情感和领导力的研究只强调情感的一个维度，即效价；只有一些研究提到了唤醒的情绪维度。然而，一个用于理解领导者情绪相对于这些情绪所针对的方向的影响的组织框架还有待开发。为了解决文献中的这个缺点，我们提出了一个新的理论框架来探索领导者情绪目标在领导者 - 成员二元组中的影响 - 当情绪针对追随者或领导者本身时。我们的理论是，领导情绪对高质量和低质量领导-成员关系中的追随者产生不同的影响，这取决于情绪是从外部指向追随者还是自我指向领导者。一起，