Background

Protective helmets may reduce the risk of death and head injury in motorcycle collisions. However, there remains a large gap in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of different types of helmets in preventing injuries.

Objective

To explore and evaluate the effectiveness of different types of motorcycle helmets; that is the association between different helmet types and the incidence and severity of head, neck, and facial injuries among motorcyclists. Also, to explore the effect of different helmet types on riders.

Methods

A systematic search of different scientific databases was conducted from 1965 to April 2019. A scoping review was performed on the included articles. Eligible articles were included regarding defined criteria. Study characteristics, helmet types, fixation status, retention system, the prevention of injury or reduction of its severity were extracted.

Results

A total of 137 studies were included. There was very limited evidence for the better protection of full-face helmets from head and facial injury compared to open-face and half-coverage helmets. There was however scarce evidence for the superiority of a certain helmet type over others in terms of protection from neck injury. The retention system and the fixation status of helmets were two important factors affecting the risk of head and brain injury in motorcyclists. Helmets could also affect and limit the riders in terms of vision, hearing, and ventilation. Multiple solutions have been discussed to mitigate these effects.

Conclusion

Full-face helmets may protect head and face in motorcycle riders more than open-face and half-coverage helmets, but there is not enough evidence for better neck protection among these three helmet types. Helmets can affect the rider’s vision, hearing, and ventilation. When designing a helmet, all of these factors should be taken into account.

中文翻译：

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不同类型的摩托车头盔的有效性–范围回顾

背景

防护头盔可以减少摩托车碰撞中死亡和头部受伤的风险。但是，关于不同类型头盔在预防伤害方面的有效性方面的知识仍有很大差距。

客观的

探索和评估不同类型的摩托车头盔的有效性；这是不同头盔类型与摩托车手头部，颈部和面部受伤的发生率和严重程度之间的关联。另外，探索不同头盔类型对骑手的影响。

方法

从1965年到2019年4月，系统地搜索了不同的科学数据库。对所收录的文章进行了范围界定审查。包含符合定义标准的符合条件的文章。提取研究特征，头盔类型，固定状态，固定系统，预防伤害或减轻其严重性。

结果

总共包括137个研究。与敞开式头盔和半罩式头盔相比，只有极有限的证据可以更好地保护全脸头盔免受头部和面部伤害。但是，很少有证据表明某种头盔在保护颈部免受伤害方面优于其他头盔。头盔的固定系统和固定状态是影响摩托车手头部和脑部受伤风险的两个重要因素。头盔还可能在视力，听力和通风方面影响并限制骑手。为了减轻这些影响，已经讨论了多种解决方案。

结论

全罩式头盔比敞开式和半罩式头盔更能保护摩托车驾驶员的头部和面部，但是在这三种头盔中，尚无足够的证据证明可以更好地保护颈部。头盔会影响骑手的视力，听力和通风。设计头盔时，应考虑所有这些因素。