This paper develops a method for analysing the elasticity of travel demand to public transport fares. The methodology utilizes public transport smartcard data for collecting disaggregate full population data about passengers’ travel behaviour. The study extends previous work by deriving specific fare elasticities for distinct socioeconomic (e.g., car ownership and income) groups and public transport modes (metro, trains and buses), and by considering the directionality of the fare change. The case study involves a public transport fare policy introduced by the regional administration of Stockholm County in January 2017, where the zonal fare system for single-trip tickets was replaced by a flat-fare policy. The overall fare elasticity of travel funds is found to be −0.46. User sensitivity grows along with the journey distance. Metro users demonstrate the lowest sensitivity, followed by bus and commuter train riders. Low socioeconomic groups, in particular with respect to car ownership, tend to be less sensitive than the high-factor groups. In addition to the direct effect of changed fares, simplification and unification of the fare scheme appears to have substantially contributed to its attractiveness. The flat fare may allow the geographic disparity of public transport travel to be reduced and new users to be attracted from remote areas who are more prone to own cars.

本文提出了一种分析出行需求对公共交通票价弹性的方法。该方法利用公共交通智能卡数据来收集有关旅客旅行行为的分类全人口数据。该研究通过推导针对不同社会经济（例如，汽车拥有量和收入）群体和公共交通方式（地铁，火车和公共汽车）的特定票价弹性，并考虑了票价变化的方向性，从而扩展了先前的工作。该案例研究涉及斯德哥尔摩县地区政府于2017年1月推出的公共交通票价政策，该政策将单程票的区域票价系统替换为统一票价政策。发现旅行资金的总票价弹性为-0.46。用户敏感度随行进距离而增加。地铁用户的敏感度最低，其次是公交车和通勤火车。社会经济地位低下的群体，尤其是在购车方面，往往不如高收入群体敏感。除了票价变化的直接影响之外，简化和统一票价计划似乎也大大提高了其吸引力。统一票价可以减少公共交通旅行的地域差异，并从更容易拥有汽车的偏远地区吸引新用户。票价计划的简化和统一似乎对其吸引力具有实质性贡献。统一票价可以减少公共交通旅行的地域差异，并从更容易拥有汽车的偏远地区吸引新用户。票价计划的简化和统一似乎对其吸引力具有实质性贡献。统一票价可以减少公共交通旅行的地域差异，并从更容易拥有汽车的偏远地区吸引新用户。