Using virtual reality, we implemented a naturalistic variant of the DRM paradigm in young and older adults to evaluate false recall and false recognition. We distinguished false recognition related to the highest semantic association (the critical lures), semantic similarity (i.e. items that belong to the same semantic category), and perceptual similarity (i.e. items that are similar, but not identical in terms of shape or color). The data revealed that younger adults recalled and recognized more correct elements than older adults did while the older adults intruded more critical items than younger adults. Both age groups produced false recognition related to the critical items, followed by perceptually and then semantically related items. False recognitions were highly recollective as they were mainly associated with a sense of remembering, even more so in older adults than in young adults. The decline of executive functions and working memory predicted age-related increases in false memories.

使用虚拟现实，我们在年轻人和老年人中实施了 DRM 范式的自然变体，以评估错误回忆和错误识别。我们区分了与最高语义关联（关键诱饵）、语义相似性（即属于同一语义类别的项目）和感知相似性（即相似但在形状或颜色方面不相同的项目）相关的错误识别. 数据显示，年轻人比老年人回忆和识别出更多正确的元素，而老年人比年轻人侵入更多关键项目。两个年龄组都产生了与关键项目相关的错误识别，其次是感知和语义相关项目。错误识别具有高度的回忆性，因为它们主要与记忆有关，老年人比年轻人更是如此。执行功能和工作记忆的下降预示着错误记忆与年龄相关的增加。