Genome-wide characterisation and correlation analysis between gene families and environmental stresses are important for understanding the adaptive evolution of marine animals to various environments. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) are two important gene families that are associated with abiotic stresses and immune responses. In this study, the evolutionary history and function of Hsp70 and Hsf family genes were investigated in Cynoglossus semilaevis through an exhaustive search of all genomic resources. In addition, their regulatory mechanisms and cooperative relationship in marine fishes were investigated in response to various degrees of salinity stress. Gene structure, motif analysis and phylogenetic trees among various organisms provide references for biological and evolutionary studies of these genes. Most Hsp70 genes were upregulated under low salinity stress, especially heat shock protein family A member 5 (hspa5), whereas hsf1 and hsf2 were downregulated. The expression profile of Hsp70 genes under low salinity stress decreased the activity of hsf1 and hsf2, suggesting that transcriptional repression of Hsf occurs when a certain level of Hsp70 is reached. These findings may improve our understanding the regulatory mechanisms between Hsp70 and Hsf gene families in response to environmental stress and provide useful resources for future studies on these gene families.

基因家族与环境压力之间的全基因组表征和相关分析对于理解海洋动物适应各种环境的适应性进化至关重要。热休克蛋白70（Hsp70）和热休克转录因子（Hsf）是两个重要的基因家族，与非生物胁迫和免疫反应有关。在这项研究中，研究了Hysnoglossus semilaevis中Hsp70和Hsf家族基因的进化历史和功能。通过详尽搜索所有基因组资源。此外，针对不同程度的盐分胁迫，研究了它们在海水鱼类中的调控机制和合作关系。各种生物之间的基因结构，基序分析和系统发育树为这些基因的生物学和进化研究提供了参考。在低盐度胁迫下，大多数Hsp70基因被上调，尤其是热休克蛋白家族A成员5（hspa5），而hsf1和hsf2被下调。低盐胁迫下Hsp70基因的表达谱降低了hsf1和hsf2的活性，提示当达到一定水平的Hsp70时，Hsf就会发生转录抑制。这些发现可能会增进我们对Hsp70和Hsf基因家族之间响应环境压力的调控机制的了解，并为这些基因家族的未来研究提供有用的资源。