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Miocene to Early Pleistocene Depositional History and Tectonic Evolution of the Issyk‐Kul Basin, Central Tian Shan
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-06 , DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009556
Sophie C. Roud 1 , Michael R. Wack 1 , Stuart A. Gilder 1 , Anna Kudriavtseva 2 , Edward R. Sobel 2
Affiliation  

The Issyk‐Kul Basin (Kyrgyzstan), situated in the central Tian Shan Mountains, hosts the largest and deepest mountain lake in Central Asia. Erosion of the surrounding Terskey and Kungey ranges led to the accumulation of up to 4 km of sediment in the adjacent depression. Creation of the basin from regional shortening and uplift likely initiated around the Oligocene‐Miocene, yet precise age control is sparse. To better understand the timing of these processes, we obtained magnetostratigraphic age constraints on fossil‐poor, fluvio‐lacustrine sediments exposed south of Lake Issyk‐Kul, that agree well with previous age constraints of the equivalent strata outside the Issyk‐Kul Basin. Two 500–650 m thick sections comprised mainly of Chu Group sediments were dated at 6.3–2.8 Ma and 7.0–2.4 Ma (late Miocene to early Pleistocene). Together with reinterpreted magnetostratigraphic constraints from underlying strata, we find that syn‐tectonic deposition commenced at ∼22 Ma with average sedimentation rates <10 cm/ka. Sedimentation rates increased to 10–30 cm/ka at 7 Ma, concurrent with accelerated uplift in the Terskey Range to the south. A deformation event in one section (Kaji‐Say) between 5 and 3 Ma together with concurrent shifts of depositional centers throughout the basin signal the onset of substantial uplift of the Kungey Range to the north at ∼5 Ma. This uplift and deformation transformed the Issyk‐Kul area into a closed basin that facilitated the formation of a deep lake. Lacustrine facies deposited around 3 Ma mark the existence of Lake Issyk‐Kul by that time.

中文翻译:

天山中部伊塞克湖盆地中新世至早更新世沉积历史及构造演化

Issyk-Kul盆地(吉尔吉斯斯坦)位于天山山脉的中部,拥有中亚最大和最深的高山湖泊。Terskey和Kungey山脉周围的侵蚀导致邻近凹陷处沉积了多达4 km的沉积物。渐新世-中新世可能是由于区域缩短和隆升造成盆地形成,但精确的年龄控制却很少。为了更好地了解这些过程的时机,我们获得了伊塞克湖以南暴露的化石贫化,河流湖泊沉积物的地磁年龄限制,这与伊塞克库尔盆地以外的等效地层以前的年龄限制非常吻合。主要由楚群沉积物组成的两个500–650 m厚断面的日期为6.3–2.8 Ma和7.0–2.4 Ma(中新世晚期至早更新世)。再加上来自下层的重新解释的地层学约束,我们发现构造构造沉积始于〜22 Ma,平均沉积速率<10 cm / ka。7 Ma时,沉积速率增加到10–30 cm / ka,同时南部的Terskey山脉加速上升。在一个区域(Kaji-Say)的一个变形事件在5到3 Ma之间,并且整个盆地的沉积中心同时发生位移,这标志着Kungey山脉在大约5 Ma时开始向北大量隆升。这种隆升和变形将Issyk-Kul地区变成了一个封闭的盆地,促进了深湖的形成。那时,沉积约3 Ma的湖相岩相标志着伊塞克湖的存在。我们发现构造构造沉积始于〜22 Ma,平均沉积速率<10 cm / ka。7 Ma时,沉积速率增加到10–30 cm / ka,同时南部的Terskey山脉加速上升。在一个区域内(Kaji-Say)的一个变形事件在5到3 Ma之间,同时整个盆地的沉积中心同时发生位移,这标志着Kungey山脉在大约5 Ma处向北大幅抬升。这种隆升和变形将Issyk-Kul地区变成了一个封闭的盆地,促进了深湖的形成。那时,沉积约3 Ma的湖相岩相标志着伊塞克湖的存在。我们发现构造构造沉积始于〜22 Ma,平均沉积速率<10 cm / ka。7 Ma时,沉积速率增加到10–30 cm / ka,同时南部的Terskey山脉加速上升。在一个区域(Kaji-Say)的一个变形事件在5到3 Ma之间,并且整个盆地的沉积中心同时发生位移,这标志着Kungey山脉在大约5 Ma时开始向北大量隆升。这种隆升和变形将Issyk-Kul地区变成了一个封闭的盆地,促进了深湖的形成。那时,沉积约3 Ma的湖相岩相标志着伊塞克湖的存在。在一个区域(Kaji-Say)的一个变形事件在5到3 Ma之间,并且整个盆地的沉积中心同时发生位移,这标志着Kungey山脉在大约5 Ma时开始向北大量隆升。这种隆升和变形将Issyk-Kul地区变成了一个封闭的盆地,促进了深湖的形成。那时,沉积约3 Ma的湖相岩相标志着伊塞克湖的存在。在一个区域(Kaji-Say)的一个变形事件在5到3 Ma之间,并且整个盆地的沉积中心同时发生位移,这标志着Kungey山脉在大约5 Ma时开始向北大量隆升。这种隆升和变形将Issyk-Kul地区变成了一个封闭的盆地,促进了深湖的形成。那时,沉积约3 Ma的湖相岩相标志着伊塞克湖的存在。
更新日期:2021-04-23
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