Nonnative plant pests cause billions of dollars in damages. It is critical to prevent or reduce these losses by intervening at various stages of the invasion process, including pathway risk management (to prevent pest arrival), surveillance and eradication (to counter establishment), and management of established pests (to limit damages). Quantifying benefits and costs of these interventions is important to justify and prioritize investments and to inform biosecurity policy. However, approaches for these estimations differ in (1) the assumed relationship between supply, demand, and prices, and (2) the ability to assess different types of direct and indirect costs at invasion stages, for a given arrival or establishment probability. Here we review economic approaches available to estimate benefits and costs of biosecurity interventions to inform the appropriate selection of approaches. In doing so, we complement previous studies and reviews on estimates of damages from invasive species by considering the influence of economic and methodological assumptions. Cost accounting is suitable for rapid decisions, specific impacts, and simple methodological assumptions but fails to account for feedbacks, such as market adjustments, and may overestimate long-term economic impacts. Partial equilibrium models consider changes in consumer and producer surplus due to pest impacts or interventions and can account for feedbacks in affected sectors but require specialized economic models, comprehensive data sets, and estimates of commodity supply and demand curves. More intensive computable general equilibrium models can account for feedbacks across entire economies, including capital and labor, and linkages among these. The two major considerations in choosing an approach are (1) the goals of the analysis (e.g., consideration of a single pest or intervention with a limited range of impacts vs. multiple interventions, pests or sectors), and (2) the resources available for analysis such as knowledge, budget and time.

中文翻译：

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估算跨入侵阶段植物生物安全干预措施的收益和成本的方法

非本地植物害虫造成数十亿美元的损失。通过在入侵过程的各个阶段进行干预来防止或减少这些损失至关重要，包括路径风险管理（以防止有害生物到达）、监视和根除（以对抗建立）以及已建立的有害生物的管理（以限制损害）。量化这些干预措施的收益和成本对于证明和优先考虑投资以及为生物安全政策提供信息非常重要。然而，这些估计方法的不同之处在于：（1）假设的供应、需求和价格之间的关系，以及（2）对于给定的到达或建立概率，在入侵阶段评估不同类型的直接和间接成本的能力。Here we review economic approaches available to estimate benefits and costs of biosecurity interventions to inform the appropriate selection of approaches. 在此过程中，我们通过考虑经济和方法假设的影响来补充先前关于入侵物种损害估计的研究和评论。成本会计适用于快速决策、特定影响和简单的方法假设，但无法考虑反馈，例如市场调整，并可能高估长期经济影响。部分均衡模型考虑了由于虫害影响或干预导致的消费者和生产者剩余的变化，并且可以解释受影响部门的反馈，但需要专门的经济模型、综合数据集和商品供需曲线的估计。更密集的可计算一般均衡模型可以解释整个经济体的反馈，包括资本和劳动力，以及它们之间的联系。选择方法的两个主要考虑因素是 (1) 分析的目标（例如，考虑影响范围有限的单一有害生物或干预措施与多种干预措施、有害生物或部门），以及 (2) 可用资源用于知识、预算和时间等分析。