Atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs), particularly of noble metal, have unique catalytic properties such as maximized atom efficiency, high catalytic activity, and superior selectivity. In ADCs, the metal centers are in intimate contact with the support, hence, the support significantly affects the catalytic behavior of the ADCs by participating in reactions, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, for electrocatalytic reactions, thorough understanding of the function of the supports is required in designing effective ADCs with superior activity and stability. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of supports in several synthesis strategies and electrocatalytic reactions of atomically dispersed noble-metal catalysts. We outline various synthesis strategies, and identify a need for a suitable design of the support to stabilize the atom-dimension metal structure. Furthermore, we describe (electro)catalysis of ADCs, with focus on support-derived factors that affect the catalytic performance of the ADCs, such as strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), geometric effects of atom-dimension structure, local environment near metal centers, and chemical properties of supports. Finally, we identify current challenges and future prospects of functional supports in ADCs.

原子分散的金属催化剂（ADC），特别是贵金属，具有独特的催化性能，例如最大化的原子效率，高催化活性和优异的选择性。在ADC中，金属中心与载体紧密接触，因此，载体通过直接或间接参与反应而显着影响ADC的催化行为。因此，对于电催化反应，在设计具有出色活性和稳定性的有效ADC时，需要对载体的功能有透彻的了解。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了载体在原子合成的贵金属催化剂的几种合成策略和电催化反应中的功能。我们概述了各种综合策略，并且确定需要适当设计支撑体以稳定原子尺寸金属结构的需求。此外，我们描述了ADC的（电）催化作用，重点关注了影响ADC催化性能的，由支持物衍生的因素，例如强金属-支持物相互作用（SMSI），原子尺寸结构的几何效应，金属附近的局部环境中心和载体的化学性质。最后，我们确定ADC的功能支持的当前挑战和未来前景。和载体的化学性质。最后，我们确定ADC的功能支持的当前挑战和未来前景。和载体的化学性质。最后，我们确定ADC的功能支持的当前挑战和未来前景。