Oil/water separation receives increasing interest as the oil contaminants level has been continuously increasing in the water resources in most of parts of the world and is being considered as a severe environmental threat to the society. As the result, a wide range of methods have been investigated in order to minimize the oil-based contaminants (including non-polar organic solvents which are immiscible in water) in water resources, where sorption process has been widely accepted owing to their easy handling, rapid, low-cost, harmless and efficient large-scale approach. Out of the sorbents explored, carbon-based materials gained more interest in oil/water separation because of their superior physicochemical properties as well as structural advantages. The recent advancement in the carbon-based oil/water separation technology is the exploration of various renewable resource-based biocarbon materials as green and sustainable approach and their modifications to enhance the sorption properties. The advantages of renewable- biocarbon materials are, vast availability and diversity of resources with wide-range of chemical compositions, tuning/predicting the structures by choosing specific precursors and flexible structural/chemical modifications to improve the properties. Thus, the present review deals with reported biocarbon-based hydrophobic/oleophilic materials such as biochar, activated biocarbon, biocarbon fibers, biocarbon aerogels and biocarbon-based composite materials as sorbents for oil/water separation, as well as oil spill cleanup from water resources. In detail, various synthetic procedures of biocarbon materials and their physicochemical characteristics (hydrophobicity/oleophilicity, wettability, water/oil contact angle, etc.) are discussed in this review.

随着世界大多数地区水资源中石油污染物水平的不断提高，油水分离受到越来越多的关注，被认为是对社会的严重环境威胁。结果，研究了各种各样的方法，以使水资源中的油基污染物（包括与水不混溶的非极性有机溶剂）减至最少，由于其易于处理，吸附过程已被广泛接受，快速，低成本，无害且高效的大规模方法。在探索的吸附剂中，碳基材料因其优异的理化特性和结构优势而引起了人们对油/水分离的更多兴趣。碳基油/水分离技术的最新进展是探索各种可再生资源基生物碳材料，将其作为绿色和可持续的方法，并对它们进行改进以增强吸附性能。可再生生物碳材料的优势在于，具有广泛的化学组成的广泛的可利用性和资源的多样性，通过选择特定的前体来调节/预测结构以及通过灵活的结构/化学修饰来改善性能。因此，本综述涉及已报道的基于生物碳的疏水/亲油性材料，例如生物炭，活性生物碳，生物碳纤维，生物碳气凝胶和生物碳基复合材料，作为用于油/水分离以及从水资源中清除溢油的吸附剂。详细，