Community assembly arguably drives the provision of ecosystem services because they critically depend on which and how species coexist. We examine conspicuous cases of 'winner and loser' replacements (WLRs) in tropical forests to provide a framework integrating drivers, impacts on ecological organization, and reconfiguration of ecosystem service provisioning. Most WLRs involve native species and result from changes in resource availability rather than from altered competition among species. In this context, species dispersal is a powerful force controlling community (re)assembly. Furthermore, replacements imply a nearly complete functional reorganization of assemblages and new 'packages' of ecosystem services and disservices provided by winners. WLRs can thus elucidate the multiple transitions experienced by tropical forests, and have theoretical/applied implications, including the role that human-modified landscapes may play in global-scale sustainability.

可以说，社区集会驱动了生态系统服务的提供，因为它们在很大程度上取决于物种共存的方式和方式。我们研究了热带森林中“成功者和失败者”替代物（WLR）的明显案例，以提供一个框架，该框架整合了驱动因素，对生态组织的影响以及生态系统服务供应的重新配置。大多数WLR都涉及本地物种，并且是资源可利用性的变化而不是物种之间竞争关系的改变。在这种情况下，物种扩散是控制社区（重新）聚集的强大力量。此外，替换意味着对组件的几乎完全的功能重组，以及由获胜者提供的新的生态系统服务和损害的“组合”。因此，WLR可以阐明热带森林所经历的多重转变，