Abstract

The expansion of large-tonnage chemical production (primarily, of mineral fertilizers) calls for the development of new methods for discharging excess brines into surface water objects. This task is complicated by the fact that, due to the suppression of vertical turbulent pulsations, “heavy” brines may spread over considerable distances in the near-bottom region without any significant decrease in their concentration. Some suggestions for optimizing exhaust structures designed to discharge wastewater containing heavy impurities are proposed based on numerical modeling. The calculations based on solving the three-dimensional problem with different wastewater discharge conditions have shown the structures providing location of exhaust devices near the reservoir surface to be the most efficient ones. However, such structures are difficult to implement in a certain reservoir section. In this case, an easy-to-implement and quite efficient configuration is that including bottom arrangement of exhaust devices and selective intake of highly saline wastewater from sludge storage facilities. Irrespective of the chosen scheme for disposal of highly mineralized wastewater, their discharge must be carried out in strict coordination with the hydrological regime of water intake. This approach will provide the most efficient use of the assimilative capacity of water body and the best way to reduce the ecological impact on both the water body and the environment.

中文翻译：

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高盐度废水排入水体的数值模拟以改进排放装置

摘要

大吨位化学品生产（主要是矿物肥料）的发展要求开发新的方法，以将多余的盐水排放到地表水中。由于抑制了垂直湍流脉动，“重”盐水可能会散布在近底部区域相当长的距离而其浓度没有明显降低的事实，使这项任务变得复杂。基于数值模拟，提出了一些优化排放结构的建议，以优化排放重杂质废水的设计。在解决具有不同废水排放条件的三维问题的基础上进行的计算表明，提供排气装置在水库表面附近位置的结构是最有效的。然而，这样的结构很难在某个储层段中实现。在这种情况下，易于实施且非常有效的配置是包括排气装置的底部布置以及从污泥存储设施中选择性吸收高盐分废水。无论选择何种方案处理高度矿化的废水，都必须严格按照取水口的水文制度进行排放。这种方法将最有效地利用水体的同化能力，并且是减少对水体和环境的生态影响的最佳方法。一个易于实现且非常有效的配置是包括排气装置的底部布置以及从污泥存储设施中选择性吸收高盐分废水。无论选择何种方案处理高度矿化的废水，都必须严格按照取水口的水文制度进行排放。这种方法将最有效地利用水体的同化能力，并且是减少对水体和环境的生态影响的最佳方法。一个易于实现且非常有效的配置是包括排气装置的底部布置以及从污泥存储设施中选择性吸收高盐分废水。无论选择何种方案处理高度矿化的废水，都必须严格按照取水口的水文制度进行排放。这种方法将最有效地利用水体的同化能力，并且是减少对水体和环境的生态影响的最佳方法。