Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), is an invasive pest that threatens native stands and orchards of European Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). ACGW induces galls in stems, petioles, and midribs. These galls cause inhibition of tree growth and fruit production. An understanding of morphogenetic changes in host organs is important to evaluate how plant resources are redirected to galls. Structural divergences in C. sativa petioles, midribs, and respective galls were investigated. Larvae of D. kuriphilus are found in the central region of young petioles and midribs in the spring. They are positioned in the pith region of petioles and midribs, surrounded by vascular tissues. The increase in cell layers and volume is evident in the ground tissues of galls, i.e., parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that originate from ground meristem. Gall formation causes the separation of the original vascular system into several collateral and amphicribral vascular bundles. The vascular web branching likely favors the redirection of resources from developing leaf blades to the galls by compensatory hydraulic mechanisms. The rapid growth rates of galls are likely supported by an increased water supply to gall sites. Cytoplasmically dense and metabolically active nutritive linings of the larval chambers are the sole source of food for larvae. Nutritive cells are maintained by a rich vascular supply. The redifferentiation of mechanical tissue surrounding the nutritive tissue also requires energy and protects the D. kuriphilus larva until pupation. These vascular alterations impact the normal formation of tissues in distal regions of the leaf, which reduces the productivity of chestnut trees.

栗瘿蜂（膜翅目：Cynipidae），亚洲栗瘿蜂（ACGW），是一种侵入性害虫威胁本土立场和欧洲甜板栗果园（栗磨）。ACGW在茎，叶柄和中脉中诱发胆汁。这些胆汁会抑制树木的生长和果实的生成。了解宿主器官的形态发生变化对于评估植物资源如何重新定向到胆汁很重要。研究了苜蓿圆柄叶柄，中脉和各个胆的结构差异。幼虫D.瘿在春季发现于幼叶柄和中脉的中部地区。它们位于叶柄和中脉的髓区域，周围被血管组织包围。在胆囊的基底组织中，即从基底分生组织起源的薄壁组织，肾小管壁和硬化组织中，细胞层和体积的增加是明显的。胆囊形成导致原始血管系统分离成几个侧支和两肋血管束。血管网的分支可能有利于通过补偿液压机制将资源从发育中的叶片重定向到胆汁。胆汁水的快速供应很可能受到胆汁部位供水量增加的支持。幼虫室的细胞质致密和具有代谢活性的营养衬里是幼虫食物的唯一来源。营养细胞通过丰富的血管供应来维持。营养组织周围的机械组织的再分化也需要能量并保护组织。D. kuriphilus幼虫，直到化脓为止。这些血管的变化会影响叶片远端区域组织的正常形成，从而降低板栗树的生产力。