3-axis milling enables cheap and precise fabrication of target objects from precut slabs of materials such as wood or stone. However, the space of directly millable shapes is limited since a 3-axis mill can only carve a height-field (HF) surface during each milling and their size is bounded by the slab dimensions, one of which, the height , is typically significantly smaller than the other two for many typical materials. Extending 3-axis milling of precut slabs to general arbitrarily-sized shapes requires decomposing them into bounded-height 3-axis millable parts, or slices , which can be individually milled and then assembled to form the target object. We present DHFSlicer , a novel decomposition method that satisfies the above constraints and significantly reduces both milling time and material waste compared to alternative approaches. We satisfy the fabrication constraints by partitioning target objects into double height-field (DHF) slices, which can be fabricated using two milling passes: the HF surface accessible from one side is milled first, the slice is then flipped using appropriate fixtures, and then the second, remaining, HF surface is milled. DHFSlicer uses an efficient coarse-to-fine decomposition process: It first partitions the inputs into maximally coarse blocks that satisfy a local DHF criterion with respect to per-block milling axes, and then cuts each block into well-sized DHF slices. It minimizes milling time and material waste by keeping the slice count small, and maximizing slice height. We validate our method by embedding it within an end-to-end DHF milling pipeline and fabricating objects from slabs of foam, wood, and MDF; demonstrate that using the obtained slices reduces milling time and material waste by 42% on average compared to existing automatic alternatives; and highlight the benefits of DHFSlicer via extensive ablation studies.

中文翻译：

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DHFS切片机

3 轴铣削可以从木材或石头等预切材料板中廉价而精确地制造目标物体。然而，直接铣削形状的空间是有限的，因为 3 轴铣床在每次铣削过程中只能雕刻一个高度场 (HF) 表面，并且它们的尺寸受板坯尺寸的限制，其中之一，高度，对于许多典型材料，通常明显小于其他两个。将预切板的 3 轴铣削扩展到一般任意尺寸的形状，需要将它们分解为有界高度的 3 轴可铣削零件，或切片，可以单独铣削然后组装形成目标对象。我们提出DHFS切片机，一种新颖的分解方法，它满足上述限制，与替代方法相比，显着减少了研磨时间和材料浪费。我们通过将目标对象划分为双高场(DHF) 切片，可以使用两个铣刀通道制造：首先铣削从一侧可接近的 HF 表面，然后使用适当的夹具翻转切片，然后铣削剩余的第二个 HF 表面。DHFS切片机使用有效的从粗到细的分解过程：它首先将输入划分为满足当地的关于每块铣削轴的 DHF 标准，然后将每个块切割成大小合适的 DHF 切片。它通过保持小片数和最大化切片高度来最大限度地减少铣削时间和材料浪费。我们通过将其嵌入端到端 DHF 铣削管道并用泡沫、木材和 MDF 板制造物体来验证我们的方法；证明与现有的自动替代方案相比，使用获得的切片平均可减少 42% 的铣削时间和材料浪费；并通过广泛的消融研究突出 DHFSlicer 的优势。