Traditional masonry buildings are highly vulnerable to earthquake loading and their dynamic response is strongly influenced by the in-plane deformability of the timber floors and the quality of the wall-to-floor connections. Understanding the behaviour of timber floors and roofs and their interaction with masonry walls is therefore fundamental for the protection of historical buildings. In a previous research project, different timber-based dry-connected strengthening solutions for timber floors were tested under in-plane loading. The experimental results showed a significant increase in shear strength and stiffness. In the current study, the discrete-element method (DEM) was used to model a simple masonry structure and evaluate the effectiveness of strengthening solutions to avoid triggering first-mode mechanisms, namely out-of-plane collapse of masonry walls. The structure was stressed by seismic ground accelerations. The unreinforced and reinforced floors were modelled with non-linear springs that reproduced their experimental hysteretic response. Parametric analyses were performed, changing the geometry of the structure and the masonry wall thickness. The comparison highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed wood-based strengthening solutions for reducing out-of-plane displacements of masonry walls, potentially matching the performance of rigid floors.

中文翻译：

---

楼板对砌体结构地震反应影响的离散元分析

传统砖石建筑极易受到地震荷载的影响，其动力响应受木地板平面内变形能力和墙地板连接质量的强烈影响。因此，了解木地板和屋顶的行为及其与砖石墙的相互作用是保护历史建筑的基础。在之前的一个研究项目中，针对木地板的不同木基干式连接加固解决方案在面内载荷下进行了测试。实验结果显示剪切强度和刚度显着增加。在当前的研究中，离散元法 (DEM) 用于模拟简单的砌体结构并评估加强解决方案的有效性，以避免触发第一模态机制，即砌体墙的平面外倒塌。该结构受到地震地面加速度的压力。未加固和加固的地板用非线性弹簧建模，再现了它们的实验滞后响应。进行了参数分析，改变了结构的几何形状和砌体壁厚。比较突出了所提议的木基加固解决方案在减少砌体墙的平面外位移方面的有效性，可能与刚性地板的性能相匹配。改变结构的几何形状和砌体壁厚。比较突出了所提议的木基加固解决方案在减少砌体墙的平面外位移方面的有效性，可能与刚性地板的性能相匹配。改变结构的几何形状和砌体壁厚。比较突出了所提议的木基加固解决方案在减少砌体墙的平面外位移方面的有效性，可能与刚性地板的性能相匹配。