Non-linear three-dimensional analytical models of bridges with laminated-rubber seismic bearing devices upgraded with multi-directional space-flange energy-dissipation (SF-ED) devices were experimentally validated under multi-directional seismic action by shaking table tests of large-scale prototypes. The experimentally verified hysteretic models were used to model the upgraded seismic isolation (USI) system. The seismic protection benefits of the USI were demonstrated through a comparative analysis of bridge prototypes with both standard and upgraded systems. It was confirmed that the SF-ED devices provided a qualitative contribution under very strong earthquakes in all directions. The variation of the structural characteristics of the devices illustrates the technological options for qualitative seismic upgrading of various types of isolated bridges with complex plane geometries under multi-directional seismic actions.

中文翻译：

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用空间法兰消能装置升级隔震桥梁

采用多向空间法兰消能（SF-ED）装置升级的层压橡胶抗震装置桥梁非线性三维分析模型在多向地震作用下通过大型振动台试验进行了实验验证。规模原型。经过实验验证的滞后模型用于对升级后的隔震 (USI) 系统进行建模。USI 的抗震优势通过对标准系统和升级系统的桥梁原型进行比较分析来证明。已经证实，SF-ED 设备在各个方向的极强地震下都提供了定性的贡献。