This study asked the question, “Are there significant content differences between male and female dream reports obtained in dream seminars conducted in Japan?” Each of the 100 female and 100 male research participants contributed 1 recent dream report during dream seminars that were held in Japan between 1990 and 1998 and in 2004. Dream reports were scored using Hall and Van de Castle’s (1966) system of content analysis. Major findings showed that Japanese males dreamed much more of male characters, whereas Japanese females dreamed more equally of female and male characters, a finding in line with Hall’s (1984) “ubiquitous sex difference” (p. 1109). Japanese females were also friendlier with other females, not other males, an uncommon finding (Domhoff, 1996). Results are discussed in terms of Hall’s (1953) continuity hypothesis and Domhoff’s (1996, 2003) cognitive model of dreaming (i.e., dreaming is a cognitive process and is based on the same conceptions and concerns as in the waking cognition). The findings illuminate some underlying cultural patterns of the contemporary roles of Japanese men and women. Future researchers should consider gender and socioeconomic status to better represent Japan’s social–economic diversity and obtain more dreams per participant to better represent the totality of participants’ dream lives.

中文翻译：

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日本男性和女性使用定量内容分析对梦境内容的认知差异。

这项研究提出了这样一个问题：“在日本举办的梦境研讨会中，男性和女性的梦境报告在内容上是否存在显着差异？” 100 名女性和 100 名男性研究参与者在 1990 年至 1998 年和 2004 年间在日本举行的梦境研讨会期间，每人都贡献了一份最近的梦境报告。梦境报告使用 Hall 和 Van de Castle (1966) 的内容分析系统进行评分。主要研究结果表明，日本男性梦见男性角色的次数要多得多，而日本女性梦见女性和男性角色的次数更多，这一发现与 Hall (1984)“普遍存在的性别差异”(p. 1109) 一致。日本女性对其他女性也更友好，而不是其他男性，这是一个不常见的发现（Domhoff，1996）。结果根据 Hall (1953) 的连续性假设和 Domhoff (1996, 2003）做梦的认知模型（即做梦是一个认知过程，基于与清醒认知相同的概念和关注点）。研究结果阐明了日本男性和女性当代角色的一些潜在文化模式。未来的研究人员应该考虑性别和社会经济地位，以更好地代表日本的社会经济多样性，并为每个参与者获得更多的梦想，以更好地代表参与者梦想生活的整体。