Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against viral infection. After invading into the cells, pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns derived from viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to activate the downstream signaling pathways to induce the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines, which play critical functions in the host antiviral innate immune responses. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are IFN-inducible antiviral effectors belonging to the guanosine triphosphatases family. In addition to exerting direct antiviral functions against certain viruses, a few GBPs also exhibit regulatory roles on the host antiviral innate immunity. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GBPs' roles in viral infection and host antiviral innate immune signaling is still very limited. Therefore, here we present an updated overview of the functions of GBPs during viral infection and in antiviral innate immunity, and highlight discrepancies in reported findings and current challenges for future studies, which will advance our understanding of the functions of GBPs and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the regulation of antiviral innate immunity.

中文翻译：

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当人类鸟苷酸结合蛋白遇到病毒感染时


先天免疫是宿主抵御病毒感染的第一道防线。病毒侵入细胞后，病毒的病原体相关分子模式被模式识别受体识别，激活下游信号通路，诱导 I 型干扰素 (IFN-I) 和炎症细胞因子的产生，在细胞因子中发挥关键作用。宿主抗病毒先天免疫反应。鸟苷酸结合蛋白 (GBP) 是属于鸟苷三磷酸酶家族的 IFN 诱导型抗病毒效应物。除了对某些病毒发挥直接抗病毒功能外，一些 GBP 还对宿主抗病毒先天免疫表现出调节作用。然而，我们对 GBP 在病毒感染和宿主抗病毒先天免疫信号传导中作用的潜在分子机制的了解仍然非常有限。因此，在这里，我们对 GBP 在病毒感染和抗病毒先天免疫过程中的功能进行了更新的概述，并强调了报告结果的差异和当前对未来研究的挑战，这将增进我们对 GBP 功能的理解，并提供科学和可靠的证据。抗病毒先天免疫调节的理论基础。