Nowadays, developers are often using multiple programming languages to exploit the advantages of each language and to reuse code. However, dependency analysis across multilanguage is more challenging compared to mono-language systems. In this article, we introduce two approaches for multilanguage dependency analysis: static multilanguage dependency analyzer) and historical multilanguage dependency analyzer, which we apply on ten open-source multilanguage systems to empirically analyze the prevalence of the dependencies across languages, i.e., interlanguage dependencies and their impact on software quality and security. Our main results show that: the more interlanguage dependencies, the higher the risk of bugs and vulnerabilities being introduced, while this risk remains constant for intralanguage dependencies; the percentage of bugs within interlanguage dependencies is three times higher than the percentage of bugs identified in intralanguage dependencies; the percentage of vulnerabilities within interlanguage dependencies is twice the percentage of vulnerabilities introduced in intralanguage dependencies.

中文翻译：

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关于跨语言依赖关系对多语言系统的影响以Java本机接口应用程序（JNI）为例的案例研究

如今，开发人员经常使用多种编程语言来利用每种语言的优势并重用代码。但是，与单语言系统相比，跨多语言的依赖关系分析更具挑战性。在本文中，我们介绍了两种用于多语言依赖关系分析的方法：静态多语言依赖关系分析器和历史多语言依赖关系分析器，我们将它们应用于十个开源多语言系统上，以实证分析跨语言的依赖关系的流行程度，即中间语言依赖关系和它们对软件质量和安全性的影响。我们的主要结果表明：中间语言依赖性越多，引入错误和漏洞的风险就越高，而对于内部语言依赖性则这种风险保持不变。中间语言依赖关系中的错误百分比是内部语言依赖关系中的错误百分比的三倍；中间语言依赖关系中的漏洞所占百分比是内部语言依赖关系中所引入的漏洞所占百分比的两倍。