In this study, microwave (9.2 GHz) magnetic field radiation patterns of a horn antenna in the near-field (10 cm) and of a patch antenna in the near-field (3 mm, 2 cm) and far-field (10 cm) are measured using a Cs atomic sensor with < 2 mm size, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Radiation patterns measured using the atomic sensor are compared to radiation patterns measured in an anechoic chamber using traditional methods. Utilizing the atomic sensor, which is based on microwave-atom-laser interaction and works at the D ₂ transition of Cs-atoms, I observed $7\pi $ and $8~\sigma $ Zeeman double radio optical resonance (DROR) spectra at 6S _1/2 (F = 3, $\text{m}_{f}$ ) – 6S _1/2 (F = 4, $\text{m}_{f}$ ) - 6P _3/2 (F = 4) transition by applying a 6 Gauss external magnetic field. Radiation patterns of a horn antenna and a patch antenna are characterized by measuring the DROR amplitude, while rotating the antennas 360 degrees relative to the atomic sensor, and the results are compared to patterns measured in the anechoic chamber using traditional methods. Radiation patterns in both polarizations are measured in a single full rotation, by measuring the $\pi $ and $\sigma $ Zeeman DROR fluorescence amplitudes at the same time. In addition, near-field microwave magnetic field radiation patterns of the patch antenna at orthogonal polarizations are measured at 3 mm distance by moving the antenna ±12.5 mm on the horizontal plane. Advantages and possible applications of small-sized atomic sensors in radiation pattern measurements at different polarizations and radiation analysis of complicated emitters such as circuit boards are discussed.

中文翻译：

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利用Cs原子传感器评估喇叭和贴片天线的微波磁场方向图

在这项研究中，号角天线在近场（10 cm）和贴片天线在近场（3 mm，2 cm）和远场（10 cm）的微波（9.2 GHz）磁场辐射方向图据我们所知，这是第一次使用尺寸小于2 mm的Cs原子传感器进行测量。使用传统方法，将使用原子传感器测量的辐射图与在消声室内测量的辐射图进行比较。我观察到利用基于微波-原子-激光相互作用且在Cs原子的D ₂跃迁下工作的原子传感器， $ 7 \ pi $ 和 $ 8〜\ sigma $ 在6S _1/2 （F = 3， $ \ text {m} _ {f} $ ）– 6S _1/2（F = 4， $ \ text {m} _ {f} $ ）- 通过施加6高斯外部磁场进行6P _3/2（F = 4）过渡。喇叭天线和贴片天线的辐射方向图是通过测量DROR幅度来表征的，同时将天线相对于原子传感器旋转360度，然后将结果与使用传统方法在消声室内测得的方向图进行比较。通过测量 $ \ pi $ 和 $ \ sigma $ 塞曼DROR荧光振幅同时出现。此外，通过在水平面上移动±12.5 mm，在3 mm的距离处测量贴片天线的正交极化的近场微波磁场辐射方向图。讨论了小型原子传感器在不同极化方向的辐射方向图测量和复杂发射器（如电路板）的辐射分析中的优势和可能的应用。