The construction of organic solar cells with stacked structures by the sequential deposition (SD) of donor and acceptor films has great potential in industrial production, as it demonstrates little dependence on the ratio of donor and acceptor materials, solvents, and additives. Herein, we present an eco-friendly solvent protection (ESP) method for the fabrication of high-performance OSCs with stacked structures. Several non-aromatic and non-halogenated solvents are employed as protective agents to build SD devices with a configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS Clevios P VP Al 4083)/donor/protective solvent/acceptor/perylene diimide functionalized with amino N-oxide (PDINO)/Al, which shows that n-octane is the optimal choice for SD devices. Nine different SD systems including the fullerene and nonfullerene ones present comparable photovoltaic performance to their BC counterparts, which proves the universality of this ESP method. Significantly, the device of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/D18/N3/PDINO/Al with n-octane as the protective solvent achieves a maximum PCE of 17.52%, which is the record efficiency of SD devices. Furthermore, a protective factor (δ) is proposed to demonstrate the quantitative relationship between δ and PCE after experimental and theoretical investigation, which presents an idea to understand the mechanism and provides a guideline for solvent choices.

中文翻译：

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构建具有堆叠结构的高效有机太阳能电池的通用方法

通过施主和受主薄膜的顺序沉积（SD）来构建具有堆叠结构的有机太阳能电池，在工业生产中具有巨大的潜力，因为它几乎不依赖于施主和受主材料，溶剂和添加剂的比例。在这里，我们提出了一种用于制造具有堆叠结构的高性能OSC的环保溶剂保护（ESP）方法。几种非芳香族和非卤代溶剂用作保护剂，以构建具有氧化铟锡（ITO）/聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸盐）构型的SD设备（PEDOT：PSS Clevios P VP Al 4083）/供体/保护性溶剂/受体/用氨基N-氧化物（PDINO）/ Al官能化的per二酰亚胺，表明n-辛烷值是SD设备的最佳选择。包括富勒烯和非富勒烯的9种不同的SD系统具有与BC同类产品相当的光伏性能，这证明了这种ESP方法的通用性。值得注意的是，以正辛烷为保护溶剂的ITO / PEDOT：PSS / D18 / N3 / PDINO / Al器件的最大PCE为17.52％，这是SD器件的记录效率。此外，通过实验和理论研究，提出了保护因子（δ）来证明δ和PCE之间的定量关系，为理解机理提供了思路，并为溶剂选择提供了指导。