Background Many studies explored the use of simulation in basic surgical education, with a variety of devices, contexts and outcomes, with sometimes contradictory results. Objectives The objectives of this meta-analysis were to focus the effect that the level of physical resemblance in a simulation has on the development of basic surgical skill in undergraduate medical students and to provide a foundation for the design and implementation of a simulation, with respect to its effectiveness and alignment with the learning outcomes. Study selection We searched PubMed and Scopus database for comparative randomised studies between simulations with a different level of resemblance. The result was synthesised as the standardised mean difference, under a random effect model. Findings We selected 12 out of 2091 retrieved studies, reporting on 373 undergraduate students (mean of subjects 15.54±6.89). The outcomes were the performance of simple skills and the time to complete a task. Two studies reported a scoring system; seven studies reported time for a task; and three studies reported both. The total number of measures included in the meta-analysis was 456 for score and 504 for time. The pooled effect size did not show any significant advantage in a simulation of a high level of physical resemblance over a lower level, both for the scoring system (−0.19, 95% CI −0.44 to 0.06) and for time (−0.14, 95% CI −0.54 to 0.27). Conclusion Simulations with a low level of physical resemblance showed the same effect as the simulation using a higher level of resemblance on the development of basic surgical skills in undergraduate students. The only generated data are the retrieved articles that are stored in the Zotero bibliographic management system. The database is available upon request. Please specify the preferred format.

中文翻译：

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模拟获得基本手术技能的低与高水平物理相似性：荟萃分析

背景 许多研究探讨了模拟在基础外科教育中的使用，包括各种设备、背景和结果，有时结果相互矛盾。目其有效性和与学习成果的一致性。研究选择 我们在 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中搜索了具有不同相似度的模拟之间的比较随机研究。在随机效应模型下，将结果合成为标准化平均差。结果 我们从 2091 项检索到的研究中选择了 12 项，报告 373 名本科生（平均科目 15.54±6.89）。结果是简单技能的表现和完成任务的时间。两项研究报告了评分系统；七项研究报告了一项任务的时间；三项研究报告了两者。荟萃分析中包含的测量总数为 456 个得分和 504 个时间。在评分系统（-0.19, 95% CI -0.44 到 0.06）和时间（-0.14, 95 % CI -0.54 至 0.27)。结论 具有低物理相似度的模拟与使用较高相似度的模拟对本科生基本外科技能的发展具有相同的效果。唯一生成的数据是存储在 Zotero 书目管理系统中的检索文章。该数据库可应要求提供。请指定首选格式。