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The analysis of epigenomic evolution
bioRxiv - Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2021-03-04 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.03.433796
Arne Sahm , Philipp Koch , Steve Horvath , Steve Hoffmann

While the investigation of the epigenome becomes increasingly important, still little is known about the long-term evolution of epigenetic marks and systematic investigation strategies are still withstanding. Here, we systematically demonstrate the transfer of classic phylogenetic methods such as maximum likelihood based on substitution models, parsimony, and distance-based to interval-scaled epigenetic data (available at Github). Using a great apes blood data set, we demonstrate that DNA methylation is evolutionarily conserved at the level of individual CpGs in promotors, enhancers and genic regions. Our analysis also reveals that this epigenomic conservation is significantly correlated with its transcription factor binding density. Binding sites for transcription factors involved in neuron differentiation and components of AP-1 evolve at a significantly higher rate at methylation than at nucleotide level. Moreover, our models suggest an accelerated epigenomic evolution at binding sites of BRCA1, CBX2, and factors of the polycomb repressor 2 complex in humans. For most genomic regions, the methylation-based reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is at par with sequence-based reconstruction. Most strikingly, phylogenetic reconstruction using methylation rates in enhancer regions was ineffective independently of the chosen model. We identify a set of phylogenetically uninformative CpG sites enriching in enhancers controlling immune-related genes.

中文翻译:

表观基因组进化分析

尽管对表观基因组的研究变得越来越重要,但对表观遗传标记的长期演变知之甚少,并且仍然可以采用系统的研究策略。在这里,我们系统地论证了经典的系统发育方法的转移,例如基于替代模型,简约性和基于距离的最大似然性到间隔尺度的表观遗传数据(可在Github上获得)。使用大量的猿猴血液数据集,我们证明了在启动子,增强子和基因区域中,单个CpGs的水平上DNA甲基化在进化上是保守的。我们的分析还表明,这种表观基因组保守性与其转录因子结合密度显着相关。参与神经元分化和AP-1成分的转录因子的结合位点在甲基化时的发展速度明显高于在核苷酸水平。此外,我们的模型表明,在人类的BRCA1,CBX2和多梳阻遏物2复合物的结合位点上,表观基因组进化加快。对于大多数基因组区域,基于甲基化的系统发育树重建与基于序列的重建相当。最引人注目的是,与所选模型无关,在增强子区域使用甲基化率进行系统发育重建无效。我们确定了一组系统发育上无信息的CpG网站,这些网站丰富了控制免疫相关基因的增强子。我们的模型表明,在人的BRCA1,CBX2和多梳阻遏物2复合体的结合位点,表观基因组学的进化加快了。对于大多数基因组区域,基于甲基化的系统发育树重建与基于序列的重建相当。最引人注目的是,与所选模型无关,在增强子区域使用甲基化率进行系统发育重建无效。我们确定了一组系统发育上无信息的CpG网站,这些网站丰富了控制免疫相关基因的增强子。我们的模型表明,在人的BRCA1,CBX2和多梳阻遏物2复合体的结合位点,表观基因组学的进化加快了。对于大多数基因组区域,基于甲基化的系统发育树重建与基于序列的重建相当。最引人注目的是,与所选模型无关,在增强子区域使用甲基化率进行系统发育重建无效。我们确定了一组系统发育上无信息的CpG网站,这些网站丰富了控制免疫相关基因的增强子。独立于所选模型,使用增强子区域中的甲基化率进行系统发育重建无效。我们确定了一组系统发育上无信息的CpG网站,这些网站丰富了控制免疫相关基因的增强子。独立于所选模型,使用增强子区域中的甲基化率进行系统发育重建无效。我们确定了一组系统发育上无信息的CpG网站,这些网站丰富了控制免疫相关基因的增强子。
更新日期:2021-03-05
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