Pomegranate was a popular fruit, and the pomegranate skins (PS) contained abundant polyphenols. In this article, a novel method based on Fick’s law, accelerated penetration extraction (APE), was developed for the first time for polyphenol recovery from PS, which aimed at precipitating the polyphenols with Ca²⁺ in alkaline conditions to elevate the concentration gradient between the cell and solution, thus promoting the further penetration of polyphenols to solution. Under the optimal conditions of 8 mg/mL of CaCl₂ and 3 mg/mL of NaOH of APE, the highest polyphenol yield of 113.5 mg GAE/g was obtained, higher than solvent extraction (SE, 92.9 mg GAE/g) by 21.6%. The comparisons of SE and APE were performed, including the polyphenol yields, UV–vis spectra, composition analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and DPPH-scavenging ability. Results showed that APE was non-selective, almost all kinds of polyphenols could be precipitated by alkaline Ca²⁺, and the antioxidation of polyphenols could not be affected by APE. In addition, the mechanisms were discussed based on the mass transfer principle. Results indicated that APE was non-selective, efficient, easily operated, and promising in PS disposal and polyphenol extraction. Most importantly, the application of APE exploited the different concept with other methods to enhance the extraction process.

中文翻译：

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从石榴皮中提取多酚的新型加速渗透提取：菲克定律的利用

石榴是一种受欢迎的水果，石榴皮（PS）含有丰富的多酚。在本文中，首次开发了基于菲克定律的新方法，即加速渗透萃取（APE），用于从PS中回收多酚，其目的是在碱性条件下用Ca ²⁺沉淀多酚，以提高多酚之间的浓度梯度。细胞和溶液，从而促进多酚进一步渗透到溶液中。在8 mg / mL CaCl ₂的最佳条件下和3 mg / mL的APE NaOH，获得的最高多酚产率为113.5 mg GAE / g，比溶剂萃取（SE，92.9 mg GAE / g）高21.6％。对SE和APE进行了比较，包括多酚的收率，UV-可见光谱，通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）的成分分析和DPPH清除能力。结果表明，APE是非选择性的，几乎所有的多酚都可以被碱性Ca ²⁺沉淀。，并且APE不会影响多酚的抗氧化作用。此外，还基于传质原理对机理进行了讨论。结果表明，APE是非选择性的，高效的，易于操作的，并且在PS处理和多酚提取中很有前途。最重要的是，APE的应用利用了与其他方法不同的概念来增强提取过程。