Gaining knowledge of tidewater glacier (TWG) margin evolution, solid ice flux and their responses to climate over large spatio-temporal scales provides valuable context for the projection of future Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) change. Although studies of sector-wide responses of TWGs exist, studies at an ice-sheet-wide scale have only just become feasible. Here, we present a dataset of 224 annual TWG margins for 1984–2017 (n = 3801), showing that averaged over regional scales, normalised terminus change is linear. Regionally linear retreat trends were identified across most sectors of the GrIS starting in the mid-1990s, although in contrast to previous studies, the northeastern sector is shown to have experienced sustained retreat since the mid-1980s. Through cointegration analyses, individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers, though on a sector-wide scale the northwest and southeast are shown to be especially sensitive to annual sea surface temperature and June–July–August air temperature, respectively. Although 92% of the analysed glaciers experience retreat across the GrIS, observed increases in absolute flux for the entire ice sheet can be explained by changes in just 11 of these TWGs.

中文翻译：

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格陵兰冰盖潮水冰川终点位置对气候的线性响应

获得有关潮水冰川 (TWG) 边缘演变、固体冰通量及其在大时空尺度上对气候的响应的知识，为预测未来格陵兰冰盖 (GrIS) 的变化提供了有价值的背景。尽管存在对 TWG 的全部门响应的研究，但在整个冰盖范围内进行的研究才刚刚变得可行。在这里，我们展示了 1984-2017 年 224 个年度 TWG 利润率的数据集（n= 3801），表明在区域尺度上平均，归一化的终点变化是线性的。从 1990 年代中期开始，在 GrIS 的大部分区域都发现了区域线性后退趋势，尽管与之前的研究相比，东北部区域自 1980 年代中期以来经历了持续的后退。通过协整分析，显示单个冰川对潜在气候驱动因素具有不同的敏感性，尽管在整个部门范围内，西北和东南部分别对年海表温度和 6 月至 7 月至 8 月气温特别敏感。尽管 92% 的分析冰川在 GRIS 上经历了退缩，但观察到的整个冰盖绝对通量的增加可以用其中 11 个 TWG 的变化来解释。