There is an extensive body of literature detailing the forces behind and experiences of alienation in a modern capitalist world. However, social scientific interest in alienation had become parochial and balkanized by the 1970s. To reconstruct a unifying theory of alienation that addresses general features of capitalism, such as compulsory growth and commodification, and particular phases like financialized capitalism, we begin with the notion of futurelessness. Futurelessness refers to a deficient relationship to the future in which people’s senses of possibility ossify, narrow, or dissipate. It may result from inclusion in and exclusion from capitalist mechanisms or processes. Moreover, processes of inclusion and exclusion may appear more voluntary or involuntary. With these general terms, we identify four manifestations of futurelessness in financial capitalism: commercial exhaustion, imaginative marginalization, therapeutic nowism, and pragmatic denialism. The conclusion addresses future-sustenance in an alienating world and the prospects of a more systemic and synthetic approach to alienation.

有大量的文献详细介绍了现代资本主义世界背后的力量和疏远的经历。但是，到1970年代，社会对疏远的科学兴趣已经变得狭and而荒谬。为了重建一种统一的异化理论，以解决资本主义的一般特征，例如强制性增长和商品化，以及特定阶段（例如金融化的资本主义），我们从无未来的概念开始。未来的无能是指与未来的一种缺乏关系，在这种关系中，人们的可能性意识变得僵化，狭窄或消散。它可能是由于被资本主义机制或过程包括和排除在外。而且，包含和排除的过程可能看起来更自愿或非自愿。有了这些一般术语，我们确定了金融资本主义中无前途的四种表现形式：商业枯竭，富有想象力的边缘化，治疗性现代主义和务实的否定主义。结论阐述了在异化世界中的未来维持以及更系统和综合性的异化方法的前景。