This paper offers a defense against the primary objection to the view that goodness and other value properties give normative reasons, which is T. M. Scanlon’s influential redundancy argument. Scanlon reasons that value properties cannot add anything over and above what non-evaluative properties contribute. I suggest this line of reasoning is analogous to Jaegwon Kim’s causal exclusion argument against non-reductive physicalism, and adapt Ned Block’s objection to exclusion—a generalization and regress argument—into a reason for rejecting Scanlon’s argument. Differences between reasons and causes make Scanlon’s task more difficult than Kim’s.

本文针对主要反对意见（即善良和其他价值属性给出了规范性原因）提供了辩护，这是TM Scanlon的有影响力的冗余论点。Scanlon认为，价值属性不能添加超出非评估属性贡献的任何东西。我建议这种推理类似于Jaegwon Kim针对非归约物理主义的因果排除论，并且将Ned Block的反对论排除为泛化和回归论证，以作为拒绝Scanlon论证的理由。原因和原因之间的差异使Scanlon的任务比Kim的任务更加困难。