The concept of soil health has evolved over the past several decades, recognizing that dynamic soil property response to management and land use is highly dependent on site-specific factors that must be considered when interpreting soil health measurements. Initially, the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) and Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH) were developed and used globally for scoring soil health indicators. However, both SMAF and CASH frameworks were developed using a relatively small dataset and their interpretation curves were not validated at the nationwide scale. Expanding upon these concepts, we propose the Soil Health Assessment Protocol and Evaluation (SHAPE) tool. The SHAPE was developed using 14,680 soil organic C (SOC) observations from across the United States, and accounts for edaphic and climate factors at the continental scale. Data were compiled from the literature, the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory, and the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory. In this approach, scoring curves are Bayesian model-based estimates of the conditional cumulative distribution function (CDF) for defined soil peer groups reflecting five soil texture and five soil suborder classes adjusted for mean annual temperature and precipitation. Specifically, SHAPE produces scores between 0 and 1 (0–100%) for measured SOC values that reflect the quantile or position within the conditional CDF along with measures of uncertainty. Herein, we focus on development of the SHAPE scoring curve for SOC with our case studies. SHAPE is a flexible, quantitative tool that provides a regionally relevant interpretation of this key soil health indicator.

中文翻译：

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适用于土壤有机碳的土壤健康评估方案和评价

土壤健康的概念在过去几十年中不断发展，认识到动态土壤特性对管理和土地利用的响应高度依赖于在解释土壤健康测量时必须考虑的特定地点的因素。最初，开发了土壤管理评估框架 (SMAF) 和土壤健康综合评估 (CASH)，并在全球范围内用于对土壤健康指标进行评分。然而，SMAF 和 CASH 框架都是使用相对较小的数据集开发的，它们的解释曲线没有在全国范围内进行验证。扩展这些概念，我们提出了土壤健康评估协议和评估 (SHAPE) 工具。SHAPE 是使用来自美国各地的 14,680 个土壤有机碳 (SOC) 观测数据开发的，并考虑了大陆尺度的土壤和气候因素。数据来自文献、康奈尔土壤健康实验室和凯洛格土壤调查实验室。在这种方法中，评分曲线是基于贝叶斯模型的条件累积分布函数 (CDF) 的估计值，用于定义的土壤对等组，反映了根据年平均温度和降水量调整的五种土壤质地和五种土壤亚级类别。具体来说，SHAPE 为测量的 SOC 值生成 0 到 1 (0–100%) 之间的分数，这些值反映了条件 CDF 中的分位数或位置以及不确定性的度量。在此，我们通过案例研究重点开发 SOC 的 SHAPE 评分曲线。SHAPE 是一种灵活的定量工具，可为这一关键土壤健康指标提供区域相关的解释。