To develop mid-air imaging optical systems, several simulation methods have been used by tracking ray paths that generate a mid-air image as well as undesired images. Although these methods can simulate viewing space and the undesired images of mid-air imaging optical systems, the appearance lacks in terms of chip artifacts, shape of the undesired images, and luminance. In this study, we found that the appearance of a mid-air image and characteristics of micro-mirror array plates (MMAPs) can be reproduced by computer graphics-based simulation using ray tracing with the appropriate modeling parameters of the MMAPs. To simulate the appearance of the mid-air image, we investigated appropriate modeling methods for MMAPs. We also evaluated the validity of the simulation by comparing the characteristics of the rendered mid-air images with the actual mid-air image. Furthermore, we demonstrated several prototypes by employing our method in the actual design of optical systems.

为了开发空中成像光学系统，已经使用了几种模拟方法，通过跟踪产生空中图像以及不需要的图像的射线路径。尽管这些方法可以模拟空中成像光学系统的观看空间和不期望的图像，但是在芯片伪影，不期望的图像的形状和亮度方面缺少外观。在这项研究中，我们发现可以通过基于计算机图形的模拟，使用光线跟踪和MMAP的适当建模参数，来复制空中图像的外观和微镜阵列板（MMAP）的特征。为了模拟空中图像的外观，我们研究了MMAP的适当建模方法。我们还通过比较渲染的空中图像与实际空中图像的特征来评估仿真的有效性。此外，我们通过在光学系统的实际设计中采用我们的方法演示了几个原型。