Nature and species conservation often conflict with intensive natural resource or land use. Many protected areas are too small for long-term conservation of viable vertebrate populations, especially in Madagascar, and forests are subject to exploitation for a variety of natural resources. Trying to exclude people from the use of these resources has not been successful during economic, natural, or political crises or when human population growth outruns any development effort. People need economic and other benefits, and conservation measures have to account for these needs. We compiled native and introduced tree, shrub, and herbaceous species used by both people and native vertebrates for three regions, covering the domains of the dry, transitional, and humid forest of Madagascar. We carried out semistructured interviews and group discussions in 12 different villages in each study region in November 2017. People listed 139 utilitarian plant taxa. Our literature search revealed that 72 of these plant species and 13 genera used by people, were also used by 208 different terrestrial vertebrates including 58 lemur species. Application of the Forest Landscape Restoration approach with a combination of exotic and native plant species used by both people and animals could increase the economic value of restored forest habitats for people, thus providing incentives for forest conservation. Plantations of mixed utilitarian trees and shrubs could be integrated into agricultural landscapes. Among land-living vertebrates, lemurs seem to benefit most from this approach. These measures might contribute to a successful array of biodiversity conservation in anthropogenic landscapes.

自然和物种的保护常常与密集的自然资源或土地利用相冲突。许多保护区面积太小，无法长期保护活的脊椎动物种群，特别是在马达加斯加，并且森林正受到各种自然资源的开采。在经济，自然或政治危机期间，或者在人口增长超过任何发展努力的情况下，试图将人们排除在这些资源之外的做法并未成功。人们需要经济和其他利益，保护措施必须解决这些需求。我们编辑了人类和本土脊椎动物在三个地区使用的原生和引进的树木，灌木和草本物种，涵盖了马达加斯加干旱，过渡和潮湿森林的领域。2017年11月，我们在每个研究区域的12个不​​同村庄中进行了半结构化访谈和小组讨论。人们列出了139种实用植物类群。我们的文献搜索显示，人们使用的这些植物中的72种和13属，也被208种不同的陆地脊椎动物（包括58种狐猴）所使用。森林景观恢复方法结合人类和动物使用的外来和本地植物物种的应用，可以为人们恢复森林栖息地的经济价值，从而为森林保护提供了动力。混合了功利性树木和灌木的人工林可纳入农业景观。在陆地上的脊椎动物中，狐猴似乎从这种方法中受益最大。