In the present study, an urban and industrial area were evaluated through a biomonitoring study employing the Tillandsia purpurea and T. latifolia species as a biomonitor. Plants were collected from a non-contaminated area and transplanted and exposed for three months into study areas to determine metal accumulation. Sixteen elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, V, and Zn) were measured using ICP-MS analysis. Datasets were assessed by one-way ANOVA, exposed-to-baseline (EB) ratio, and principal component analysis. Results showed significant differences among study areas for most elements, but no differences were found between species. According to EB ratios, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn showed EB ratios > 1.75 for both Tillandsia species around the industrial area, indicating influence from the Smelter plant. Ba, Sb, and Zn showed EB ratios > .1.75 in the urban area for both plants, indicating the releasing of pollutants from vehicular sources. PCA showed that most elements are derived from vehicular sources, industrial activities, and dust resuspension.

在本研究中，通过生物监测研究评估了城市和工业区，使用Tillandsia purpurea和T. latifolia物种作为生物监测器。从未受污染的区域收集植物并将其移植并暴露于研究区域三个月以确定金属积累。使用 ICP-MS 分析测量了 16 种元素（Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sb、V 和 Zn）。数据集通过单向方差分析、暴露与基线 (EB) 比率和主成分分析进行评估。结果表明，研究区域之间大多数元素存在显着差异，但物种之间没有发现差异。根据 EB 比率，As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb、Sb、V 和 Zn 的 EB 比率均 > 1.75工业区周围的铁兰物种，表明受到冶炼厂的影响。Ba、Sb 和 Zn 在市区内两种植物的 EB 比均 > .1.75，表明污染物从车辆来源释放。PCA 表明，大多数元素来自车辆来源、工业活动和粉尘再悬浮。