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Heat-Mitigation Effects of Irrigated Rice-Paddy Fields Under Changing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Based on a Coupled Atmosphere and Crop Energy-Balance Model
Boundary-Layer Meteorology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10546-021-00604-6
Hiroki Ikawa , Tsuneo Kuwagata , Shigenori Haginoya , Yasushi Ishigooka , Keisuke Ono , Atsushi Maruyama , Hidemitsu Sakai , Minehiko Fukuoka , Mayumi Yoshimoto , Sachinobu Ishida , Charles P. Chen , Toshihiro Hasegawa , Tsutomu Watanabe

Known as the heat-mitigation effect, irrigated rice-paddy fields distribute a large fraction of their received energy to the latent heat during the growing season. The present hypothesis is that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration decreases the stomatal conductance of rice plants and increases the air temperature by means of an increased sensible heat flux. To test this hypothesis, a coupled regional atmospheric and crop energy-balance model is developed and applied to a 300 × 300 km2 region in Japan. Downscaling meteorological variables from grid-mean values of mixed land use (3 × 3 km2) generates realistic typical diurnal cycles of air temperature in rice paddies and adjacent residential areas. The model simulation shows that, on a typical sunny day in summer, doubling the CO2 concentration increases the daily maximum grid-mean air temperature, particularly where rice paddies are present, by up to 0.7 °C. This CO2 effect on the grid-mean air temperature is approximately half the effect of the reduction in rice-paddy area that is postulated to occur on a time scale similar to that of the atmospheric CO2 change. However, within the internal atmospheric boundary layer of the rice paddies, the CO2 effect on the air temperature (+ 0.44 °C) still exceeds the effects of the land-use change (+ 0.11 °C). These results show a potentially important interplay of plant physiological responses regarding atmospheric CO2 in the heat-mitigation effect of rice-paddy fields under a changing climate.



中文翻译:

基于大气-作物能量平衡模型的大气二氧化碳变化对稻田灌溉的减热作用

灌溉稻田被称为散热效应,在生长季节将其接收到的能量的很大一部分分配给潜热。目前的假设是,大气中CO 2浓度的增加会降低水稻植物的气孔导度,并通过增加显热通量来提高气温。为了验证这一假设,开发了区域大气和作物能量平衡的耦合模型,并将其应用于日本的300×300 km 2区域。从混合土地利用的网格均值(3×3 km 2)在稻田和邻近居民区中产生逼真的,典型的气温昼夜循环。模型仿真表明,在夏季的典型晴天,将CO 2浓度增加一倍可使每日最大电网平均气温(尤其是存在稻田的地方)的最高气温升高0.7°C。CO 2对电网平均空气温度的影响大约是稻米面积减少的影响的一半,而稻米面积减少的假设是在类似于大气CO 2变化的时间尺度上发生的。然而,在稻田的内部大气边界层中,CO 2对空气温度的影响(+ 0.44°C)仍然超过了土地利用变化的影响(+ 0.11°C)。这些结果表明,在气候变化的稻田减热效应中,有关大气CO 2的植物生理反应之间可能存在重要的相互作用。

更新日期:2021-03-05
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