In recent decades, aquaculture has played a significant role in fulfilling the vast demand for animal protein requirements and consequently in food security. However, environmental contamination and disease prevalence are considered essential challenges for the sector. In this regard, new approaches have been paved in technology to deal effectively with such challenges. Among these, nanotechnology—as a novel and innovative tool—has a broad spectrum of uses and a tremendous potential in aquaculture and seafood preservation. It can provide new technologies for management of drugs as liberation of vaccines and therefore hold the assurance for civilized protection of farmed fish against disease-causing pathogens. This article presents a review of nanotechnology and its applications in aquaculture. Additionally, it gives a brief idea about the fish disease and classical ways of controlling pathogens. On the other hand, this review sheds the light on nanotechnology as a potential novel tool which may possibly enhance the management and the control of disease prevalence. Therefore, the importance of this technology to promote sustainable aquaculture has also been highlighted. Focusing on the role of selenium nanoparticles as an efficient element is discussed also in this article.

近几十年来，水产养殖在满足对动物蛋白需求的巨大需求以及因此在粮食安全方面发挥了重要作用。然而，环境污染和疾病流行被认为是该部门面临的基本挑战。在这方面，已经在技术上铺平了新的方法来有效应对这些挑战。其中，纳米技术作为一种新颖的创新工具，在水产养殖和海产品保存方面具有广泛的用途和巨大的潜力。它可以为药物管理提供新的技术作为疫苗的解放，从而为养殖鱼类的病原菌进行文明保护提供了保证。本文介绍了纳米技术及其在水产养殖中的应用的综述。此外，它简要介绍了鱼类疾病和控制病原体的经典方法。另一方面，这篇综述揭示了纳米技术作为一种潜在的新工具，可能会加强疾病流行的管理和控制。因此，这项技术对促进可持续水产养殖的重要性也得到了强调。本文还讨论了硒纳米粒子作为一种有效元素的作用。