Magnetic graphene catalysts were prepared for the removal of antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, tetracycline and flumequine) from water. Different proportions of magnetite–graphene from 1 : 0 to 0 : 1 were considered to study the catalytic activation of inorganic peroxides, i.e. peroxymonosulfate (PMS), peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide. The presence of graphene was mainly responsible for the activation, which was most effective in the presence of PMS. A ratio of 20% of magnetite in the solid was enough to achieve complete degradation of antibiotics with high recovery by application of a magnetic field. The performance of the catalyst was further evaluated in a simulated urban wastewater, studying the main parameters affecting the process and the stability in sequential reuses. The non-radical mechanism during the catalytic activation of PMS was hypothesized from kinetic scavenging probes tests. The electron transfer was suggested as the mechanism of the reaction from electron paramagnetic resonance analysis in the presence of D₂O. The prepared magnetic catalyst showed high catalytic activity and stability to remove antibiotics from water.

中文翻译：

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用磁性石墨烯活化无机过氧化物去除废水中的抗生素

磁性石墨烯催化剂被制备用于从水中去除抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑、诺氟沙星、四环素和氟甲喹）。考虑了从 1 : 0 到 0 : 1 的不同比例的磁铁矿-石墨烯来研究无机过氧化物的催化活化，即过硫酸盐 (PMS)、过硫酸盐和过氧化氢。石墨烯的存在主要负责活化，这在 PMS 存在下最有效。固体中 20% 的磁铁矿比例足以通过施加磁场实现抗生素的完全降解和高回收率。在模拟城市废水中进一步评估了催化剂的性能，研究了影响该过程的主要参数和顺序回用的稳定性。PMS 催化活化过程中的非自由基机制是从动力学清除探针测试中推测出来的。D ₂存在下的电子顺磁共振分析表明，电子转移是反应的机制O. 制备的磁性催化剂对去除水中的抗生素表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性。