Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway triggered during perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in response to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins under various stress conditions like viral infection, diseased states etc. It is an adaptive signalling cascade with the main purpose of relieving the stress from the ER, which may otherwise lead to the initiation of cell death via apoptosis. ER stress if prolonged, contribute to the aetiology of various diseases like cancer, type II diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections etc. Understanding the role of UPR in disease progression will help design pharmacological drugs targeting the sensors of signalling cascade acting as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases. The current review aims at highlighting the relevance of different pathways of UPR in disease progression and control, including the available pharmaceutical interventions responsible for ameliorating diseased state via modulating UPR pathways.

中文翻译：

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靶向未折叠蛋白反应：疾病控制的新视野

未折叠蛋白反应 (UPR) 是在内质网 (ER) 稳态扰动期间触发的进化上保守的通路，以响应病毒感染、疾病状态等各种应激条件下未折叠/错误折叠蛋白的积累。它是一种适应性信号级联反应主要目的是缓解 ER 的压力，否则可能导致细胞通过凋亡而死亡。如果延长 ER 压力，会导致各种疾病的病因学，如癌症、II 型糖尿病、神经退行性疾病、病毒感染等。了解 UPR 在疾病进展中的作用将有助于设计靶向信号级联传感器的药理学药物作为潜在的治疗剂对抗各种疾病。