ABSTRACT

Scholarship on the varieties of capitalism in emerging economies underlines the critical role states play in the political economy of development. This research suggests that “state capitalism” or “state-permeated capitalism” is the most common economic development model among large emerging economies. One of the distinguishing features of these emerging economies is that informal state–business ties are the backbone of their development models. However, more needs to be known about the type, nature and evolution of state–business relations that guide emerging economic development trajectories and their implications for varieties of capitalism within state- permeated market economies. This article situates Turkey within the state capitalism debate by examining the historical legacy of “mutually dependent” state–business ties that have characterised the Turkish political economy and how these ties took a different form under the domination of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi – AKP) since 2002. Related, the article investigates the emergence and evolution of two ideologically distant business groups MÜSİAD and TÜSİAD in the context of changing political economy dynamics, their relations with political authorities and the conflicting positions they have taken for vital economic policies and political reforms during the AKP rule.

摘要

关于新兴经济体资本主义多样性的学术研究强调了国家在发展的政治经济中发挥的关键作用。这项研究表明，“国家资本主义”或“国家渗透资本主义”是大型新兴经济体中最常见的经济发展模式。这些新兴经济体的显着特征之一是非正式的国家-企业关系是其发展模式的支柱。然而，我们需要更多地了解引导新兴经济发展轨迹的国家-企业关系的类型、性质和演变，以及它们对国家渗透的市场经济中各种资本主义的影响。