ABSTRACT

Murals have become a familiar element in urban landscapes around the world, providing benefits for individuals, communities, and cities. Many murals have been co-opted by city administrations as part of broader municipal policies. Despite the benefits associated with murals, they provoke tensions and contradictions that challenge policymakers, owners, communities, and those involved in their creation. This paper explores and maps the difficulties and challenges associated with placing murals in the public realm, providing a theoretical framework and highlighting their complexity. Additionally, we demonstrate how these challenges may turn into real-life disputes, cause public outrage, and create tensions between stakeholders in a manner which affects cityscape and urban development. Through case-examples from Portland and Philadelphia, we demonstrate how our theoretical framework can be used to better understand these challenges, and to explore how a range of interests might clash in the face of said challenges.

摘要

壁画已成为世界各地城市景观中常见的元素，为个人、社区和城市带来好处。许多壁画已被市政府选为更广泛的市政政策的一部分。尽管与壁画相关的好处，它们引发了挑战决策者、所有者、社区和参与创作的人的紧张和矛盾。本文探讨并绘制了将壁画置于公共领域相关的困难和挑战，提供了一个理论框架并强调了它们的复杂性。此外，我们展示了这些挑战如何变成现实生活中的纠纷，引起公众愤怒，并以影响城市景观和城市发展的方式在利益相关者之间制造紧张关系。通过波特兰和费城的案例，