In recent years, the field of paleogenomics has grown into an exciting and rapidly advancing area of scientific inquiry. However, scientific work in this field has far outpaced the discipline’s dialogue about research ethics. In particular, Indigenous peoples have argued that the paleogenomics revolution has produced a “vampire science” that perpetuates biocolonialist traditions of extracting Indigenous bodies and heritage without the consent of, or benefits to, the communities who are most affected by this research. In this article, we explore these ethical issues through the case study of a project that sequenced the ancient DNA (aDNA) of nine Ancestral Puebloan people from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. By providing a “thick description” of this controversy, we are able to analyze its metanarratives, periodization, path dependency, and historical contingencies. We conclude that the paleogenomics revolution needs to include an ethical revolution that remakes the field’s values, relationships, forms of accountability, and practices.

近年来，古基因组学领域已发展成为令人兴奋且迅速发展的科学探究领域。但是，该领域的科学工作远远超过了该学科关于研究伦理的对话。特别是，土著人民认为，古基因组学革命产生了一种“吸血鬼科学”，这种生物吸食了殖民者的传统，即未经土著居民的同意或从中受益最大的社区可以从中获得殖民者的传统。在本文中，我们通过一个项目的案例研究来探讨这些道德问题，该项目对来自新墨西哥州查科峡谷的九名祖先普韦布洛人的古代DNA（aDNA）进行了测序。通过提供对此争议的“详尽描述”，我们可以分析其元叙事，句点划分，路径依赖性，和历史偶然性。我们得出的结论是，古基因组学革命需要包括一场伦理学革命，以重塑该领域的价值，关系，问责形式和实践。